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Threat Model Analysis for bigskysoftware/htmx

Threat: Server-Side Template Injection via HTMX Responses

  • Threat: Server-Side Template Injection
  • Description: An attacker crafts a malicious HTMX request to inject code into server-side templates. Successful exploitation allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server or access sensitive data. This is achieved by exploiting vulnerabilities in the server-side templating engine when processing user-controlled data within HTMX responses.
  • Impact: Critical. Full server compromise, including unauthorized data access, data modification, and service disruption.
  • HTMX Component Affected: Server-side templating engine used to render HTML fragments for HTMX responses.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Use secure and up-to-date templating engines.
    • Implement robust input validation and sanitization for all user-provided data before incorporating it into server-side templates, especially data used in HTMX responses.
    • Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) to limit the capabilities of any injected scripts, even if template injection occurs.
    • Regularly audit server-side code and templates for template injection vulnerabilities.

Threat: Client-Side DOM-Based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via HTMX Attributes and Responses

  • Threat: DOM-Based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
  • Description: An attacker injects malicious JavaScript code that executes in the user's browser. This can be achieved by manipulating HTMX attributes like hx-vals, hx-headers, or hx-include with malicious data, or by exploiting vulnerabilities in how the application handles and renders server responses containing user-provided data within the DOM. Successful exploitation can lead to session hijacking, data theft, or website defacement.
  • Impact: High. Account takeover, theft of sensitive user data, website defacement, and malware distribution.
  • HTMX Component Affected: HTMX attributes (hx-vals, hx-headers, hx-include), HTMX response processing and DOM manipulation.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Always sanitize and encode user-provided data on the server-side before including it in HTMX responses. Use context-aware output encoding appropriate for HTML, JavaScript, CSS, etc.
    • Exercise caution when using HTMX attributes that incorporate user-controlled data. Validate and sanitize client-side data before using it in these attributes.
    • Implement a strong Content Security Policy (CSP) to mitigate the impact of XSS attacks by restricting script sources and other browser behaviors.
    • Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and remediate potential XSS vulnerabilities in HTMX templates and server-side code.