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attack-surface.md

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Attack Surface Analysis for dcloudio/uni-app

Attack Surface: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via uni.request

  • Description: Exploiting the uni.request API to make requests to unintended resources. This occurs when user-controlled input is used to construct URLs for network requests without proper validation within the uni-app application.

  • uni-app Contribution: uni.request is the core API provided by uni-app for handling network communication across all platforms. Its flexibility, if misused, directly enables SSRF if URL construction is vulnerable.

  • Example: A uni-app application feature allows users to preview external website content by fetching it using uni.request. If the URL parameter is directly passed to uni.request without validation, an attacker could manipulate the URL to target internal services like http://localhost:8080/admin or attempt to access local files using file:///etc/passwd.

  • Impact:

    • Unauthorized access to internal network resources and sensitive data.
    • Circumvention of firewalls and network security measures.
    • Potential for further exploitation of internal systems.

  • Risk Severity: High

  • Mitigation Strategies:

    • Developers:
      • Strict URL Validation: Implement robust server-side and client-side validation of all user-provided URLs before using them in uni.request. Use allowlists of acceptable domains and protocols.
      • Secure URL Construction: Avoid string concatenation for building URLs. Utilize URL parsing and construction libraries to ensure proper encoding and prevent manipulation.
      • Network Segmentation: Isolate backend services and restrict network access to only necessary external resources, limiting the impact of potential SSRF exploits.
      • Regular Code Reviews: Conduct security-focused code reviews to identify and remediate potential SSRF vulnerabilities in uni.request usage.
    • Users: Users cannot directly mitigate SSRF vulnerabilities. This is a developer-side issue.

Attack Surface: Insecure Local Storage of Sensitive Data via uni.setStorage and uni.getStorage

  • Description: Storing sensitive data, such as authentication tokens or personal information, in local storage using uni-app's uni.setStorage API without encryption. This makes the data accessible to malicious scripts or applications, especially in H5 environments and on compromised devices.

  • uni-app Contribution: uni-app provides uni.setStorage and uni.getStorage as the primary APIs for local data persistence across platforms. Developers might rely on these APIs for convenience without fully considering the inherent security risks of storing sensitive data in client-side storage, particularly in the context of web-based (H5) deployments.

  • Example: A uni-app application stores user session tokens directly in local storage using uni.setStorage('sessionToken', userToken). If the application is deployed as an H5 web app, a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack or a malicious browser extension could potentially steal this session token, leading to account takeover.

  • Impact:

    • Exposure of sensitive user credentials and personal data.
    • Account compromise and unauthorized access to user accounts.
    • Privacy breaches and potential identity theft.

  • Risk Severity: Critical

  • Mitigation Strategies:

    • Developers:
      • Avoid Local Storage for Sensitive Data: Refrain from storing highly sensitive information in local storage. Explore secure alternatives like platform-specific secure storage mechanisms (Keychain, Keystore) or backend session management.
      • Encryption for Local Storage (If Necessary): If sensitive data must be stored locally, encrypt it using robust encryption algorithms before storing it with uni.setStorage. Decrypt only when needed using uni.getStorage.
      • Minimize Token Lifespan: Implement short-lived access tokens and refresh token mechanisms to limit the window of opportunity if a token is compromised.
      • Regular Security Audits: Review code to identify instances of sensitive data storage in local storage and implement secure alternatives.
    • Users:
      • Strong Device Security: Use strong device passcodes or biometric authentication to protect against unauthorized physical access to the device and its local storage.
      • Be Cautious with Browser Extensions (H5): Avoid installing untrusted browser extensions when using uni-app applications in H5 browsers, as they could potentially access local storage.
      • Keep Software Updated: Maintain up-to-date operating systems and browsers to benefit from the latest security patches.

Attack Surface: Template Injection Vulnerabilities

  • Description: Exploiting template rendering engines within uni-app (Vue.js templates) by injecting malicious code through user-controlled data. This occurs when user input is directly embedded into templates without proper sanitization, particularly when using features like v-html.

  • uni-app Contribution: uni-app leverages Vue.js templates for UI rendering. The framework's flexibility in template syntax, including features like v-html, can be misused by developers, leading to template injection vulnerabilities if user input is not handled securely within these templates.

  • Example: A uni-app application displays user-generated content in a news feed. If the application uses v-html to render user posts and doesn't sanitize the HTML content, an attacker could inject malicious JavaScript code within a post, such as <img src=x onerror=alert('XSS')>, which will execute when other users view the post.

  • Impact:

    • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks, leading to arbitrary JavaScript execution in users' browsers or mini-program environments.
    • Session hijacking and cookie theft.
    • Redirection to malicious websites and phishing attacks.
    • Application defacement and manipulation of displayed content.

  • Risk Severity: High

  • Mitigation Strategies:

    • Developers:
      • Avoid v-html for User Input: Never use v-html to render user-provided content directly. Utilize text interpolation ({{ }}) which automatically escapes HTML entities and prevents code execution.
      • HTML Sanitization: If rendering HTML from user input is absolutely necessary (e.g., for rich text editing), employ a robust and well-maintained HTML sanitization library to remove potentially malicious code before rendering.
      • Content Security Policy (CSP): Implement a strict Content Security Policy to limit the impact of XSS vulnerabilities by controlling the sources from which scripts and other resources can be loaded.
      • Regular Template Audits: Conduct thorough security audits of templates to identify and remediate potential template injection vulnerabilities, especially in areas where user input is rendered.
    • Users:
      • Browser-Based XSS Protection: Utilize browser extensions designed to detect and block certain types of XSS attacks.
      • Keep Browsers Updated: Ensure browsers are updated to benefit from the latest security features and patches against XSS vulnerabilities.