mitigations.md

Mitigation Strategies Analysis for eggjs/egg

Mitigation Strategy: Review Egg.js Core and Plugin Updates

Description: 1. Subscribe to Notifications: Subscribe to Egg.js official channels (e.g., GitHub repository releases, community forums, mailing lists) to receive notifications about new Egg.js core and plugin releases and security advisories. 2. Monitor Release Notes: Regularly check Egg.js release notes and security advisories specifically for information on security patches, bug fixes, and new features related to Egg.js core and plugins. 3. Evaluate Updates: When a new Egg.js core or plugin update is released, evaluate its relevance to your application, focusing on security-related changes within the Egg.js ecosystem. 4. Test Updates in Staging: Before applying updates to production, thoroughly test them in a staging or development environment within the Egg.js application context to identify any compatibility issues or regressions specific to Egg.js. 5. Apply Updates Promptly: Prioritize applying security updates to Egg.js core and plugins in a timely manner to benefit from the latest security patches provided by the Egg.js team and community. 6. Document Update Process: Maintain a record of Egg.js core and plugin versions used in the application and track updates applied, specifically noting Egg.js related updates. Threats Mitigated: * Egg.js Framework Vulnerabilities (High Severity): Exploitation of security vulnerabilities within the Egg.js framework itself or its official plugins. * Outdated Framework/Plugins (Medium Severity): Running outdated versions of Egg.js or plugins increases the risk of exposure to known vulnerabilities that have been patched in newer Egg.js versions. Impact: * Egg.js Framework Vulnerabilities: High - Directly mitigates vulnerabilities in the core framework, protecting the application's foundation built on Egg.js. * Outdated Framework/Plugins: Medium - Reduces the risk of exploiting known vulnerabilities by staying up-to-date with security patches within the Egg.js ecosystem. Currently Implemented: * Developers manually check for Egg.js core updates occasionally. Plugin updates are usually considered only when adding new features. (Partially implemented, informal process). Missing Implementation: * Formalized process for regularly checking and applying Egg.js core and plugin updates, especially security-related updates. * Automated notifications or alerts for new Egg.js releases and security advisories. * Integration of Egg.js update checks into the development workflow.

Mitigation Strategy: Disable Unnecessary Egg.js Plugins

Description: 1. Review Enabled Plugins: List all Egg.js plugins currently enabled in the application's configuration files (config/plugin.js, config/config.*.js). 2. Assess Necessity: For each enabled Egg.js plugin, evaluate if it is actively used and essential for the application's functionality within the Egg.js context. 3. Disable Unused Plugins: Disable any Egg.js plugins that are not required by commenting them out or removing them from the configuration files. 4. Principle of Least Privilege: Only enable Egg.js plugins that are strictly necessary, following the principle of least privilege within the Egg.js application. 5. Document Justification: Document the reasons for enabling each Egg.js plugin to justify their inclusion and facilitate future reviews within the Egg.js project context. 6. Regularly Re-evaluate: Periodically review the list of enabled Egg.js plugins to ensure they are still necessary and remove any that are no longer needed in the Egg.js application. Threats Mitigated: * Increased Attack Surface (Medium Severity): Enabling unnecessary Egg.js plugins expands the application's attack surface within the Egg.js framework, potentially introducing vulnerabilities or increasing the complexity of security management specific to Egg.js plugins. * Unnecessary Code Complexity (Low Severity): Unused Egg.js plugin code can increase maintenance overhead and potentially hide vulnerabilities within less-used parts of the Egg.js application. Impact: * Increased Attack Surface: Medium - Reduces the attack surface within the Egg.js application by removing unnecessary plugin code and potential entry points for attackers through Egg.js plugins. * Unnecessary Code Complexity: Low - Simplifies the codebase of the Egg.js application and potentially reduces the likelihood of overlooking vulnerabilities in less-used plugin components. Currently Implemented: * Plugins are generally added as needed for new features, but there's no systematic review of existing plugins within the Egg.js application. (Partially implemented, reactive approach). Missing Implementation: * Proactive review of enabled Egg.js plugins to identify and disable unnecessary components. * Formal guidelines or checklist for Egg.js plugin selection and enablement, emphasizing the principle of least privilege within the Egg.js framework. * Automated tooling or scripts to help identify unused Egg.js plugins.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Custom Egg.js Middleware Development

Description: 1. Input Validation in Middleware: Implement robust input validation in custom Egg.js middleware to sanitize and validate all incoming request data within the middleware context before further processing in the Egg.js application. Prevent injection attacks (SQL, XSS, command injection) by validating data types, formats, and ranges specifically within the middleware. 2. Authorization Checks in Middleware: Enforce proper authorization checks in custom Egg.js middleware to ensure that only authorized users or roles can access specific resources or functionalities at the middleware level within the Egg.js request lifecycle. Utilize Egg.js's context and services for authorization. 3. Error Handling in Middleware: Implement secure error handling in custom Egg.js middleware to prevent the exposure of sensitive information in error responses generated by the middleware. Log detailed error information server-side for debugging, but return generic error messages to clients from the middleware. 4. Session Management in Middleware (if applicable): If custom Egg.js middleware handles session management, ensure it is done securely using Egg.js's session features or secure practices. Use secure session cookies (HttpOnly, Secure flags), implement session timeouts, and protect against session fixation and hijacking attacks within the middleware. 5. Avoid Sensitive Data Exposure in Middleware: Be cautious about logging or storing sensitive data within custom Egg.js middleware. If necessary, redact or encrypt sensitive information before logging or storing it within the middleware. 6. Code Reviews and Testing for Middleware: Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing of custom Egg.js middleware to identify and address potential vulnerabilities before deployment within the Egg.js application. Threats Mitigated: * Injection Attacks (High Severity): Vulnerabilities in custom Egg.js middleware can introduce injection points (SQL, XSS, command injection) if input validation is insufficient within the middleware. * Authorization Bypasses (High Severity): Flaws in authorization logic within custom Egg.js middleware can allow unauthorized access to resources or functionalities at the middleware level. * Information Disclosure (Medium Severity): Improper error handling or logging in custom Egg.js middleware can expose sensitive information to attackers through middleware responses. * Session Hijacking/Fixation (Medium Severity): Vulnerable session management in custom Egg.js middleware can lead to session-based attacks originating from middleware logic. Impact: * Injection Attacks: High - Prevents injection attacks by enforcing input validation and sanitization in custom Egg.js middleware. * Authorization Bypasses: High - Ensures proper access control by implementing robust authorization checks in custom Egg.js middleware. * Information Disclosure: Medium - Reduces the risk of information leakage through secure error handling and logging practices within custom Egg.js middleware. * Session Hijacking/Fixation: Medium - Mitigates session-based attacks by implementing secure session management in custom Egg.js middleware. Currently Implemented: * Input validation is implemented in some middleware, but not consistently across all custom Egg.js middleware. Authorization is handled primarily in services, not middleware. Error handling is basic in middleware. (Partially implemented, inconsistent security practices). Missing Implementation: * Standardized secure coding guidelines for custom Egg.js middleware development, including input validation, authorization, and error handling best practices specific to Egg.js middleware. * Security-focused code reviews for all custom Egg.js middleware. * Unit and integration tests specifically targeting security aspects of custom Egg.js middleware.

Mitigation Strategy: Review and Secure Built-in Egg.js Middleware Configuration

Description: 1. Understand Default Configuration: Review the default configuration of Egg.js's built-in middleware (e.g., CSRF, security headers provided by plugins like egg-security, session, bodyparser) and understand their security implications within the Egg.js framework. 2. Customize Configuration: Modify the configuration of built-in Egg.js middleware to align with your application's specific security requirements and policies within the Egg.js context. For example, configure CSRF protection settings in config.csrf, set appropriate security headers using egg-security plugin configuration, and customize session settings in config.session. 3. Enable Security Features: Ensure that essential security features provided by built-in Egg.js middleware or official security plugins are enabled and properly configured (e.g., CSRF protection, security headers middleware from egg-security). 4. Disable Unnecessary Middleware: If any built-in Egg.js middleware is not required for your application's functionality within the Egg.js framework, consider disabling it to reduce the attack surface. 5. Regularly Review Configuration: Periodically review the configuration of built-in Egg.js middleware to ensure it remains secure and aligned with evolving security best practices within the Egg.js ecosystem. 6. Consult Documentation: Refer to the Egg.js documentation and plugin documentation (like egg-security) for detailed information on configuring built-in middleware securely within Egg.js. Threats Mitigated: * CSRF Attacks (Medium Severity): Lack of CSRF protection in Egg.js can make the application vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks. * Missing Security Headers (Medium Severity): Absence of security headers configured via Egg.js middleware (or plugins) can leave the application vulnerable to various client-side attacks. * Insecure Session Management (Medium Severity): Default or insecure session configurations in Egg.js can lead to session hijacking or other session-related vulnerabilities. * Body Parser Vulnerabilities (Low Severity): Misconfiguration or vulnerabilities in body parser middleware within Egg.js could potentially lead to DoS or other issues. Impact: * CSRF Attacks: Medium - Directly mitigates CSRF attacks by enabling and configuring CSRF protection middleware in Egg.js. * Missing Security Headers: Medium - Enhances client-side security by implementing security headers middleware within Egg.js, protecting against various browser-based attacks. * Insecure Session Management: Medium - Improves session security by configuring session middleware with secure settings in Egg.js. * Body Parser Vulnerabilities: Low - Reduces potential risks associated with body parser middleware within Egg.js through proper configuration. Currently Implemented: * CSRF protection is enabled by default in Egg.js. Security headers middleware is not explicitly configured. Session management uses default settings. (Partially implemented, default settings used). Missing Implementation: * Explicit configuration and customization of security headers middleware (e.g., using egg-security plugin) within Egg.js. * Review and hardening of session management configuration for enhanced security within Egg.js. * Regular audits of built-in Egg.js middleware configurations to ensure they are secure and up-to-date.

Mitigation Strategy: Enable and Configure Egg.js CSRF Protection

Description: 1. Ensure CSRF Middleware is Enabled: Verify that Egg.js's built-in CSRF middleware is enabled in the application's configuration (config/config.*.js). By default, it is often enabled in Egg.js. 2. Customize Configuration (if needed): Review and customize CSRF protection settings in the Egg.js configuration, such as: * config.csrf.cookieName: Name of the CSRF token cookie in Egg.js. * config.csrf.sessionName: Name of the session property to store CSRF token (if using sessions in Egg.js). * config.csrf.ignore: Routes or paths to exclude from CSRF protection in Egg.js (use with caution and only for API endpoints that are genuinely stateless). 3. Understand Token Generation: Understand how Egg.js generates and verifies CSRF tokens within its framework. 4. Test CSRF Protection: Test CSRF protection within the Egg.js application by attempting to submit forms or make state-changing requests without a valid CSRF token. Verify that requests are blocked by Egg.js. 5. Document CSRF Implementation: Document how CSRF protection is implemented and configured in the Egg.js application for developers and security auditors. Threats Mitigated: * Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Attacks (Medium Severity): Prevents attackers from performing unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users in the Egg.js application by exploiting trust in authenticated sessions. Impact: * Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Attacks: Medium - Directly mitigates CSRF attacks within the Egg.js application, protecting users from unauthorized actions performed through malicious websites or emails targeting the Egg.js application. Currently Implemented: * CSRF protection is enabled by default in Egg.js. Default configuration is used without customization. (Partially implemented, default enabled). Missing Implementation: * Review and customization of CSRF configuration settings within Egg.js to align with specific application needs. * Explicit testing of CSRF protection in different scenarios within the Egg.js application. * Documentation of CSRF implementation details for developers working with the Egg.js application.

Mitigation Strategy: Implement Security Headers Middleware in Egg.js

Description: 1. Install Security Headers Middleware: Install an Egg.js middleware specifically designed for setting security headers. A common approach is using the egg-security plugin which provides security header features for Egg.js. 2. Configure Security Headers using Middleware: Configure the installed Egg.js middleware (e.g., egg-security) to set appropriate security headers in HTTP responses within the Egg.js application. Common security headers to configure via middleware: * Content-Security-Policy (CSP) via egg-security. * X-Frame-Options via egg-security. * X-Content-Type-Options via egg-security. * Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS) via egg-security. * Referrer-Policy via egg-security. * Permissions-Policy via egg-security. 3. Customize Header Values in Egg.js: Customize the values of security headers within the Egg.js middleware configuration based on your application's specific requirements and security policies. Start with restrictive policies and gradually relax them as needed, while monitoring for issues within the Egg.js application. 4. Test Header Implementation in Egg.js: Use browser developer tools or online header analysis tools to verify that security headers are correctly set in HTTP responses from the Egg.js application. 5. Regularly Review and Update Egg.js Configuration: Periodically review and update security header configurations within the Egg.js middleware to align with evolving security best practices and browser compatibility considerations. Threats Mitigated: * Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Attacks (Medium Severity): CSP header helps mitigate XSS attacks by controlling allowed script sources and inline script execution within the context of the Egg.js application. * Clickjacking Attacks (Medium Severity): X-Frame-Options header prevents clickjacking attacks by controlling iframe embedding for the Egg.js application. * MIME-Sniffing Attacks (Low Severity): X-Content-Type-Options header prevents browsers from MIME-sniffing responses from the Egg.js application, reducing the risk of serving malicious content as a different content type. * Man-in-the-Middle Attacks (Medium Severity): HSTS header enforces HTTPS for the Egg.js application, reducing the risk of downgrade attacks and man-in-the-middle attacks. * Information Leakage (Low Severity): Referrer-Policy header controls referrer information sent from the Egg.js application, potentially reducing information leakage. Impact: * Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Attacks: Medium - Significantly reduces the risk of XSS attacks within the Egg.js application by enforcing a strict content security policy. * Clickjacking Attacks: Medium - Prevents clickjacking attacks targeting the Egg.js application by controlling iframe embedding. * MIME-Sniffing Attacks: Low - Mitigates MIME-sniffing vulnerabilities in responses from the Egg.js application. * Man-in-the-Middle Attacks: Medium - Enhances HTTPS enforcement and reduces MITM risks for the Egg.js application. * Information Leakage: Low - Reduces potential information leakage through referrer control from the Egg.js application. Currently Implemented: * No dedicated security headers middleware is implemented. Default headers are sent by Egg.js, but security-specific headers are not explicitly configured. (Not implemented). Missing Implementation: * Installation and configuration of a security headers middleware (e.g., using egg-security plugin) within the Egg.js application. * Customization of security header values within the Egg.js middleware configuration to align with application security policies. * Regular review and updates of security header configurations within the Egg.js application.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Error Handling in Egg.js

Description: 1. Implement Custom Error Middleware in Egg.js: Create custom error handling middleware in Egg.js to intercept and process application errors within the Egg.js request lifecycle. 2. Generic Error Responses for Clients from Egg.js: In production environments, configure Egg.js to return generic error messages to clients (e.g., "An error occurred. Please try again later.") from the Egg.js application. Avoid exposing detailed error information, stack traces, or sensitive data in client-facing error responses generated by Egg.js. 3. Detailed Error Logging Server-Side via Egg.js Logging: Configure Egg.js's logging system to log detailed error information server-side, including error messages, stack traces, request details, and user context (if available) within the Egg.js application. Use Egg.js's logging system to write error logs to secure storage. 4. Error Categorization and Severity in Egg.js Logging: Utilize Egg.js logging features to categorize errors and assign severity levels to facilitate prioritization and incident response within the Egg.js application. 5. Monitoring and Alerting based on Egg.js Logs: Set up monitoring and alerting for critical errors based on Egg.js logs to detect and respond to application issues promptly within the Egg.js application. 6. Test Error Handling in Egg.js: Test error handling middleware within the Egg.js application to ensure it correctly handles different error scenarios and prevents information leakage. Threats Mitigated: * Information Disclosure through Error Messages (Medium Severity): Exposing detailed error messages to clients from the Egg.js application can reveal sensitive information about the application's internal workings, database structure, or code, aiding attackers in reconnaissance and exploitation. * Denial of Service (DoS) (Low Severity): In some cases, verbose error handling or excessive logging in Egg.js can contribute to DoS vulnerabilities if attackers can trigger errors repeatedly. Impact: * Information Disclosure through Error Messages: Medium - Prevents information leakage from the Egg.js application by providing generic error responses to clients and logging detailed errors server-side. * Denial of Service (DoS): Low - Reduces potential DoS risks associated with error handling in Egg.js by controlling error response verbosity and logging practices. Currently Implemented: * Default Egg.js error handling is used, which may expose stack traces in development but not in production (depending on environment configuration). Logging is basic. (Partially implemented, default behavior). Missing Implementation: * Custom error handling middleware in Egg.js to consistently provide generic client-facing error responses and detailed server-side logging across all environments. * Error categorization and severity levels within Egg.js logging for better error management and incident response. * Monitoring and alerting for critical application errors based on Egg.js logs.

Mitigation Strategy: Comprehensive and Secure Logging using Egg.js

Description: 1. Identify Security Events to Log in Egg.js: Determine which events should be logged for security auditing and incident response purposes within the Egg.js application. Examples include: * Authentication failures handled by Egg.js. * Authorization violations enforced by Egg.js. * Input validation errors detected by Egg.js middleware or services. * Suspicious activity (e.g., multiple failed login attempts, unusual request patterns) within the Egg.js application. * Access to sensitive data managed by Egg.js services. * Configuration changes to Egg.js application settings. 2. Log Sufficient Information using Egg.js Logging: Log enough detail for each security event to allow for effective investigation and analysis within the Egg.js application. Utilize Egg.js logging features to include timestamps, user identifiers, request details, event descriptions, and severity levels. 3. Avoid Logging Sensitive Data in Egg.js Logs: Do not log sensitive data in plain text in Egg.js logs, such as passwords, API keys, credit card numbers, or personal identifiable information (PII). If logging sensitive data is absolutely necessary within the Egg.js application, redact or encrypt it before logging using Egg.js logging mechanisms. 4. Secure Log Storage for Egg.js Logs: Store Egg.js logs in a secure location with restricted access to authorized personnel only. Protect logs from unauthorized modification or deletion. 5. Log Rotation and Retention for Egg.js Logs: Implement log rotation and retention policies for Egg.js logs to manage log volume and comply with security and compliance requirements. Regularly archive or delete old Egg.js logs. Configure these policies within the Egg.js logging system or externally. 6. Centralized Logging (recommended) for Egg.js: Consider using a centralized logging system (e.g., ELK stack, Splunk, Graylog) to aggregate logs from multiple Egg.js application instances and simplify analysis and monitoring of Egg.js application logs. Integrate Egg.js logging with a centralized system. 7. Log Monitoring and Alerting for Egg.js Logs: Set up monitoring and alerting on Egg.js logs to detect suspicious patterns or security incidents in real-time within the Egg.js application. Utilize centralized logging system features or external monitoring tools for Egg.js logs. Threats Mitigated: * Lack of Audit Trail (Medium Severity): Insufficient logging within the Egg.js application hinders security auditing, incident investigation, and detection of malicious activity targeting the Egg.js application. * Delayed Incident Detection (Medium Severity): Without proper logging and monitoring of the Egg.js application, security incidents may go undetected for extended periods, increasing the potential for damage to the Egg.js application and its data. * Data Breaches (Medium to High Severity): Inadequate logging of the Egg.js application can make it difficult to identify the scope and impact of data breaches and to trace the actions of attackers within the Egg.js application. Impact: * Lack of Audit Trail: Medium - Provides a comprehensive audit trail for security events within the Egg.js application, enabling security monitoring, incident investigation, and compliance. * Delayed Incident Detection: Medium - Enables faster detection of security incidents within the Egg.js application through log monitoring and alerting, reducing the time window for attackers to operate undetected. * Data Breaches: Medium to High - Improves incident response capabilities and helps in understanding the scope and impact of data breaches affecting the Egg.js application through detailed logging. Currently Implemented: * Basic logging is enabled in Egg.js, but it is not specifically configured for security events. Log storage and rotation are default. (Partially implemented, basic logging). Missing Implementation: * Configuration of Egg.js logging to specifically capture security-relevant events within the Egg.js application. * Implementation of secure log storage and access controls for Egg.js logs. * Log rotation and retention policies tailored to security and compliance needs for Egg.js logs. * Centralized logging system for aggregated analysis and monitoring of Egg.js logs. * Security monitoring and alerting based on Egg.js log data.