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attack-surface.md

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Attack Surface Analysis for eggjs/egg

Attack Surface: Plugin Vulnerabilities

  • Description: Vulnerabilities within installed Egg.js plugins (including their dependencies).
    • How Egg.js Contributes: Egg.js's plugin architecture is a core feature. The framework's functionality is heavily reliant on plugins.
    • Example: A plugin used for authentication has a known vulnerability allowing for authentication bypass, granting unauthorized access.
    • Impact: Remote Code Execution (RCE), Denial of Service (DoS), Data Breach, Privilege Escalation, Authentication Bypass.
    • Risk Severity: Critical to High (depending on the plugin and vulnerability).
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Regular Auditing: Use tools like npm audit, snyk, or OWASP Dependency-Check. Automate this.
      • Plugin Selection: Carefully vet third-party plugins. Prioritize well-maintained plugins.
      • Update Regularly: Keep all plugins and dependencies updated.
      • Forking (if necessary): For critical, unmaintained plugins, consider forking and maintaining internally.
      • Least Privilege: Configure plugins with minimum necessary permissions.

Attack Surface: Plugin Misconfiguration

  • Description: Incorrect or overly permissive configuration of Egg.js plugins.
    • How Egg.js Contributes: Plugins have many configuration options; misconfiguration can directly expose vulnerabilities.
    • Example: Disabling CSRF protection in the egg-security plugin.
    • Impact: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), Authentication/Authorization Bypass, Data Modification.
    • Risk Severity: High (depending on the misconfiguration).
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Secure by Default: Start with the most restrictive configurations.
      • Documentation Review: Thoroughly review plugin documentation.
      • Principle of Least Privilege: Only enable necessary features.
      • Configuration Validation: Implement validation checks for configuration values.

Attack Surface: Context (ctx) Object Manipulation (Prototype Pollution)

  • Description: Attackers manipulating the ctx object, via prototype pollution, to alter application behavior.
    • How Egg.js Contributes: The ctx object is central to request handling in Egg.js and is widely accessible.
    • Example: An attacker sending a JSON payload with a __proto__ property that, if improperly handled, could lead to DoS or potentially RCE.
    • Impact: Denial of Service (DoS), Potential Remote Code Execution (RCE), Unexpected Application Behavior.
    • Risk Severity: High to Critical (depending on how polluted properties are used).
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Input Sanitization: Strictly sanitize and validate all user-supplied data.
      • Avoid Direct Assignment: Do not directly assign user data to ctx properties. Use helper functions.
      • Object.freeze/Object.seal: Consider using Object.freeze() or Object.seal() on critical parts of the ctx object.
      • Use Map instead of Object: If possible, use Map objects.

Attack Surface: Middleware Ordering and Bypass

  • Description: Incorrect middleware ordering, or vulnerabilities within middleware, allowing bypass of security checks.
    • How Egg.js Contributes: Egg.js relies heavily on middleware, and execution order is crucial.
    • Example: Placing authentication middleware after middleware that processes user input.
    • Impact: Authentication Bypass, Authorization Bypass, Data Leakage.
    • Risk Severity: High to Critical (depending on bypassed checks).
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Correct Ordering: Security middleware before input processing middleware.
      • Middleware Auditing: Regularly audit all middleware.
      • Fail-Safe Design: Middleware should fail securely.
      • Centralized Security Logic: Consolidate security logic.

Attack Surface: Service Layer Vulnerabilities

  • Description: Vulnerabilities within Egg.js services, often due to insecure handling of user input.
    • How Egg.js Contributes: Services are a core part of the Egg.js architecture, encapsulating business logic.
    • Example: A service using user-supplied data in a database query without sanitization (SQL injection).
    • Impact: SQL Injection, Data Breach, Data Modification, Privilege Escalation.
    • Risk Severity: High to Critical (depending on the service).
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Input Validation: Validate all input to services, even from ctx.
      • Secure Coding Practices: Use parameterized queries, avoid dynamic code execution.
      • Principle of Least Privilege: Services should have minimal permissions.
      • Service Isolation: Consider isolating services.

Attack Surface: Insecure Configuration Storage

  • Description: Storing sensitive configuration data directly in Egg.js configuration files.
    • How Egg.js Contributes: Egg.js uses configuration files to manage application settings.
    • Example: Placing a database password directly within config.prod.js.
    • Impact: Information Disclosure, Credential Theft, Unauthorized Access.
    • Risk Severity: High.
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Environment Variables: Store sensitive data in environment variables.
      • Secret Management Solutions: Use dedicated secret management solutions.
      • Configuration Encryption: Encrypt sensitive values.
      • .gitignore: Ensure config files with sensitive data are in .gitignore.