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Attack Tree Analysis for gatsbyjs/gatsby

Objective: Compromise Gatsby Application by Exploiting Gatsby-Specific Weaknesses.

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise Gatsby Application [CRITICAL]
├── Exploit Gatsby Build Process Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL]
│   ├── 1.1. Malicious Plugin Injection/Manipulation [HR] [CRITICAL]
│   │   ├── 1.1.1. NPM Package Poisoning (Dependency Confusion) [HR]
│   │   ├── 1.1.2. Typosquatting Plugin Names [HR]
│   │   └── 1.1.5. Build Script Injection via Configuration [HR]
│   └── 1.2. Dependency Vulnerabilities during Build [HR] [CRITICAL]
│   │   └── 1.2.1. Outdated Dependencies with Known Vulnerabilities [HR]
│   └── 1.3. Build Output Manipulation [HR]
│       └── 1.3.1. Directly Modify Build Output Files [HR]
├── Exploit Gatsby Plugin Ecosystem [CRITICAL]
│   └── 2.1. Vulnerable Plugin Code [HR] [CRITICAL]
│       └── 2.1.1. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Plugin Components [HR]
├── Exploit Gatsby GraphQL Data Layer
│   ├── 3.1. GraphQL Injection Attacks
│   │   └── 3.1.3. GraphQL Introspection Abuse [HR]
│   └── 3.2. Data Exposure via GraphQL
│       └── 3.2.1. Over-fetching Data in GraphQL Queries [HR]
├── Exploit Gatsby Configuration & Dependencies [CRITICAL]
│   ├── 4.1. Misconfigured Security Headers [HR] [CRITICAL]
│   │   └── 4.1.1. Missing or Weak Security Headers (CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, etc.) [HR]
│   ├── 4.2. Exposed Secrets in Configuration [HR] [CRITICAL]
│   │   ├── 4.2.1. Hardcoded API Keys, Credentials in `gatsby-config.js` or Env Vars [HR]
│   │   └── 4.2.2. Leaked Configuration Files [HR]
├── Exploit Gatsby Development Environment & Workflow [CRITICAL]
│   ├── 5.1. Compromised Development Dependencies [HR] [CRITICAL]
│   │   ├── 5.1.1. Vulnerabilities in Development-Only Dependencies [HR]
│   │   ├── 5.1.2. Malicious Development Dependencies [HR]
│   │   └── 5.1.3. Outdated Development Environment Tools (Node.js, NPM/Yarn on dev machines) [HR]
│   ├── 5.2. Developer Machine Compromise [HR] [CRITICAL]
│   │   ├── 5.2.1. Phishing Attacks Targeting Developers [HR]
│   │   ├── 5.2.2. Malware on Developer Machines [HR]
│   │   └── 5.2.3. Social Engineering Developers [HR]
│   └── 5.3. Insecure Development Practices [HR] [CRITICAL]
│       └── 5.3.1. Committing Secrets to Version Control [HR]
└── Exploit Gatsby Deployment & Hosting [CRITICAL]
    ├── 6.1. Insecure Deployment Configuration [HR] [CRITICAL]
    │   ├── 6.1.1. Publicly Accessible `.git` Directory (Misconfigured Web Server) [HR]
    │   ├── 6.1.2. Exposed Deployment Credentials [HR]
    │   └── 6.1.3. Misconfigured Web Server (e.g., directory listing enabled) [HR]
    ├── 6.2. Compromised Deployment Pipeline [HR] [CRITICAL]
    │   ├── 6.2.1. CI/CD Pipeline Vulnerabilities [HR]
    │   └── 6.2.2. Compromised CI/CD Credentials [HR]
    └── 6.3. Static Site Specific Hosting Issues [HR]
        └── 6.3.1. Insecure CDN Configuration (if using CDN) [HR]

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1. NPM Package Poisoning (Dependency Confusion) [HR]

  • Attack Step: Upload malicious package with same/similar name to internal/public registry, hoping Gatsby project uses it.
  • Likelihood: Low-Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Medium
  • Skill Level: Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.2. Typosquatting Plugin Names [HR]

  • Attack Step: Register plugin with slightly misspelled name, hoping developers install it by mistake.
  • Likelihood: Low
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.5. Build Script Injection via Configuration [HR]

  • Attack Step: Inject malicious code into gatsby-config.js or gatsby-node.js that gets executed during build.
  • Likelihood: Low-Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Medium
  • Skill Level: Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.2.1. Outdated Dependencies with Known Vulnerabilities [HR]

  • Attack Step: Exploit known vulnerabilities in outdated dependencies used by Gatsby or its plugins during build.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: Medium-High
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy-Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.3.1. Directly Modify Build Output Files [HR]

  • Attack Step: If attacker gains access to build output directory (e.g., compromised CI/CD pipeline), modify static files (HTML, JS, CSS) to inject malicious code.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low-Medium
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 2.1.1. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Plugin Components [HR]

  • Attack Step: Inject malicious scripts through plugin components if they are not properly sanitizing user inputs or data.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: Medium-High
  • Effort: Low-Medium
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 3.1.3. GraphQL Introspection Abuse [HR]

  • Attack Step: Use GraphQL introspection to discover schema details and identify potential vulnerabilities or sensitive data points.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: Low-Medium
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy

Attack Tree Path: 3.2.1. Over-fetching Data in GraphQL Queries [HR]

  • Attack Step: Craft queries to retrieve more data than intended, potentially exposing sensitive information.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: Medium
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 4.1.1. Missing or Weak Security Headers (CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, etc.) [HR]

  • Attack Step: Exploit missing or weak security headers to perform attacks like XSS, clickjacking, MITM, etc.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: Medium-High
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy

Attack Tree Path: 4.2.1. Hardcoded API Keys, Credentials in gatsby-config.js or Env Vars [HR]

  • Attack Step: Extract hardcoded secrets from configuration files or environment variables accessible during build or runtime.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy

Attack Tree Path: 4.2.2. Leaked Configuration Files [HR]

  • Attack Step: If .env files or other configuration files are accidentally exposed.
  • Likelihood: Low-Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy

Attack Tree Path: 5.1.1. Vulnerabilities in Development-Only Dependencies [HR]

  • Attack Step: Exploit vulnerabilities in development dependencies that could be leveraged during development or indirectly impact the build process.
  • Likelihood: Low-Medium
  • Impact: Medium
  • Effort: Medium
  • Skill Level: Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 5.1.2. Malicious Development Dependencies [HR]

  • Attack Step: Inject malicious code through compromised or typosquatted development dependencies.
  • Likelihood: Low
  • Impact: Medium-High
  • Effort: Low-Medium
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 5.1.3. Outdated Development Environment Tools (Node.js, NPM/Yarn on dev machines) [HR]

  • Attack Step: Exploit vulnerabilities in outdated Node.js or package managers on developer machines.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: Medium
  • Effort: Low-Medium
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 5.2.1. Phishing Attacks Targeting Developers [HR]

  • Attack Step: Phish developers to gain access to their machines and development environments.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low-Medium
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 5.2.2. Malware on Developer Machines [HR]

  • Attack Step: Infect developer machines with malware to steal credentials, code, or inject malicious code into projects.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low-Medium
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 5.2.3. Social Engineering Developers [HR]

  • Attack Step: Socially engineer developers to reveal sensitive information or perform actions that compromise the application.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: Medium-High
  • Effort: Low-Medium
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Hard

Attack Tree Path: 5.3.1. Committing Secrets to Version Control [HR]

  • Attack Step: Developers accidentally commit secrets to version control.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy

Attack Tree Path: 6.1.1. Publicly Accessible .git Directory (Misconfigured Web Server) [HR]

  • Attack Step: If .git directory is publicly accessible due to web server misconfiguration.
  • Likelihood: Low
  • Impact: Medium
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy

Attack Tree Path: 6.1.2. Exposed Deployment Credentials [HR]

  • Attack Step: If deployment credentials (e.g., FTP, SSH keys) are exposed or compromised.
  • Likelihood: Low-Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low-Medium
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 6.1.3. Misconfigured Web Server (e.g., directory listing enabled) [HR]

  • Attack Step: Misconfigured web server settings can expose sensitive files or directories.
  • Likelihood: Low
  • Impact: Medium
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy

Attack Tree Path: 6.2.1. CI/CD Pipeline Vulnerabilities [HR]

  • Attack Step: Exploit vulnerabilities in the CI/CD pipeline to inject malicious code into the deployment process.
  • Likelihood: Low-Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Medium-High
  • Skill Level: Medium-High
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 6.2.2. Compromised CI/CD Credentials [HR]

  • Attack Step: Compromise CI/CD credentials to gain control over the deployment process.
  • Likelihood: Low-Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low-Medium
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 6.3.1. Insecure CDN Configuration (if using CDN) [HR]

  • Attack Step: Misconfigured CDN settings can lead to data breaches or allow attackers to serve malicious content.
  • Likelihood: Low-Medium
  • Impact: Medium-High
  • Effort: Low-Medium
  • Skill Level: Low-Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium