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Attack Tree Analysis for hexojs/hexo

Objective: Compromise Hexo Application by Exploiting Hexo-Specific Weaknesses (Focus on High-Risk Paths)

Attack Tree Visualization

[CRITICAL NODE] Compromise Hexo Application [HIGH RISK PATH - Plugin/Theme Vulns, Dependency Vulns, Supply Chain] ├───[OR]─ [HIGH RISK PATH] [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Hexo Plugin Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH] │ ├───[AND]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Identify Vulnerable Hexo Plugin [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ └───[OR]─ Review Plugin Code on npm/GitHub │ │ └───[OR]─ Fuzz Plugin Input Parameters │ ├───[AND]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Vulnerability in Plugin [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ └───[OR]─ Craft Malicious Input to Plugin (e.g., in Markdown, Front-matter) │ ├───[AND]─ Trigger Plugin Execution during Hexo Build │ │ └───[OR]─ Include Malicious Content in Source Files processed by Plugin │ └───[THEN]─ Achieve Compromise via Plugin (e.g., Code Execution, File System Access)

├───[OR]─ [HIGH RISK PATH] [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Hexo Theme Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH] │ ├───[AND]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Identify Vulnerable Hexo Theme [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ └───[OR]─ Review Theme Code on GitHub/Theme Repositories │ │ └───[OR]─ Analyze Theme's JavaScript and Templating Logic │ ├───[AND]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Vulnerability in Theme [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ └───[OR]─ Craft Malicious Content to Trigger Theme Vulnerability (e.g., XSS in templates) │ ├───[AND]─ User Browses Site with Vulnerable Theme │ │ └───[OR]─ Publicly Accessible Hexo Site using Vulnerable Theme │ └───[THEN]─ Achieve Compromise via Theme (e.g., XSS, Client-Side Attacks)

├───[OR]─ [HIGH RISK PATH] [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Hexo Dependency Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH] │ ├───[AND]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Identify Vulnerable Dependencies of Hexo or Plugins/Themes [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ └───[OR]─ Analyze package.json and package-lock.json/yarn.lock │ │ └───[OR]─ Use Dependency Scanning Tools (e.g., npm audit, yarn audit, Snyk) │ ├───[AND]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Vulnerability in Dependency [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ └───[OR]─ Leverage Known Exploits for Vulnerable Dependency │ ├───[AND]─ Dependency Used during Hexo Build or Runtime (Plugins/Themes) │ │ └───[OR]─ Vulnerable Dependency Loaded during hexo generate │ │ └───[OR]─ Vulnerable Dependency Used by Theme JavaScript in Browser │ └───[THEN]─ Achieve Compromise via Dependency (e.g., Code Execution, Denial of Service)

└───[OR]─ [HIGH RISK PATH] [CRITICAL NODE] Supply Chain Attacks Targeting Hexo Ecosystem [HIGH RISK PATH - CRITICAL IMPACT] ├───[AND]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Compromise Hexo Core, Plugin, or Theme Repository/Maintainer Account [HIGH RISK PATH - CRITICAL IMPACT] │ └───[OR]─ Phishing Maintainers for Credentials │ └───[OR]─ Exploit Vulnerabilities in Maintainer's Infrastructure ├───[AND]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Inject Malicious Code into Hexo Core, Plugin, or Theme [HIGH RISK PATH - CRITICAL IMPACT] │ └───[OR]─ Commit Malicious Code to Repository │ └───[OR]─ Publish Malicious Package to npm ├───[AND]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Users Install Compromised Hexo/Plugin/Theme [HIGH RISK PATH - CRITICAL IMPACT] │ └───[OR]─ Users Update to Compromised Version │ └───[OR]─ New Users Install Compromised Version └───[THEN]─ Achieve Widespread Compromise of Hexo Applications

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Hexo Plugin Vulnerabilities (High-Risk Path, Critical Node)

Attack Vector: Exploiting vulnerabilities within Hexo plugins. Plugins are often community-developed and may have less rigorous security checks than the core Hexo project.

  • Attack Steps:
    • Identify Vulnerable Hexo Plugin (Critical Node):
      • Review Plugin Code on npm/GitHub:
        • Likelihood: Medium to High
        • Impact: Potentially High (if vulnerability found)
        • Effort: Low to Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Fuzz Plugin Input Parameters:
        • Likelihood: Low to Medium
        • Impact: Potentially High (if vulnerability found)
        • Effort: Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Exploit Vulnerability in Plugin (Critical Node):
      • Craft Malicious Input to Plugin (e.g., in Markdown, Front-matter):
        • Likelihood: High (if vulnerability exists)
        • Impact: Medium to High (Code execution during build, file access)
        • Effort: Low to Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Trigger Plugin Execution during Hexo Build:
      • Include Malicious Content in Source Files processed by Plugin:
        • Likelihood: Very High
        • Impact: Medium to High (Plugin execution with malicious content)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy to Medium
  • Potential Impact: Code execution on the build server, file system access, modification of generated site content.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Hexo Theme Vulnerabilities (High-Risk Path, Critical Node)

Attack Vector: Exploiting vulnerabilities within Hexo themes. Themes, like plugins, are often community-developed and can be prone to client-side vulnerabilities, especially XSS.

  • Attack Steps:
    • Identify Vulnerable Hexo Theme (Critical Node):
      • Review Theme Code on GitHub/Theme Repositories:
        • Likelihood: Medium to High
        • Impact: Potentially High (if vulnerability found)
        • Effort: Low to Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Analyze Theme's JavaScript and Templating Logic:
        • Likelihood: Medium to High
        • Impact: Potentially High (XSS, client-side attacks)
        • Effort: Low to Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Exploit Vulnerability in Theme (Critical Node):
      • Craft Malicious Content to Trigger Theme Vulnerability (e.g., XSS in templates):
        • Likelihood: High (if vulnerability exists)
        • Impact: Medium (Client-side XSS, user compromise)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low to Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy to Medium
    • User Browses Site with Vulnerable Theme:
      • Publicly Accessible Hexo Site using Vulnerable Theme:
        • Likelihood: Very High
        • Impact: Medium (User compromise via XSS)
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Very Easy
  • Potential Impact: Client-side attacks like XSS, leading to session hijacking, cookie theft, redirection to malicious sites, or website defacement in the user's browser.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Exploit Hexo Dependency Vulnerabilities (High-Risk Path, Critical Node)

Attack Vector: Exploiting known vulnerabilities in the dependencies used by Hexo core, plugins, or themes.

  • Attack Steps:
    • Identify Vulnerable Dependencies of Hexo or Plugins/Themes (Critical Node):
      • Analyze package.json and package-lock.json/yarn.lock:
        • Likelihood: Very High
        • Impact: Potentially High (if vulnerable dependency exists)
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Very Easy
      • Use Dependency Scanning Tools (e.g., npm audit, yarn audit, Snyk):
        • Likelihood: Very High
        • Impact: Potentially High (if vulnerable dependency exists)
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Very Easy
    • Exploit Vulnerability in Dependency (Critical Node):
      • Leverage Known Exploits for Vulnerable Dependency:
        • Likelihood: Medium to High
        • Impact: High to Critical (Dependency vulnerabilities can be severe)
        • Effort: Low to Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard
    • Dependency Used during Hexo Build or Runtime (Plugins/Themes):
      • Vulnerable Dependency Loaded during hexo generate:
        • Likelihood: Very High
        • Impact: High to Critical (Code execution on build server)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Hard
      • Vulnerable Dependency Used by Theme JavaScript in Browser:
        • Likelihood: Medium to High
        • Impact: Medium (Client-side compromise, XSS-like)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy to Medium
  • Potential Impact: Denial of service, arbitrary code execution on the build server, or client-side compromise depending on the nature of the dependency vulnerability.

Attack Tree Path: 4. Supply Chain Attacks Targeting Hexo Ecosystem (High-Risk Path - Critical Impact, Critical Node)

Attack Vector: Compromising the Hexo supply chain to inject malicious code into Hexo core, plugins, or themes at their source, affecting a wide range of users.

  • Attack Steps:
    • Compromise Hexo Core, Plugin, or Theme Repository/Maintainer Account (Critical Node):
      • Phishing Maintainers for Credentials:
        • Likelihood: Low to Medium
        • Impact: Critical (Full control over project)
        • Effort: Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Hard
      • Exploit Vulnerabilities in Maintainer's Infrastructure:
        • Likelihood: Low
        • Impact: Critical (Full control over project)
        • Effort: Medium to High
        • Skill Level: Medium to High
        • Detection Difficulty: Hard
    • Inject Malicious Code into Hexo Core, Plugin, or Theme (Critical Node):
      • Commit Malicious Code to Repository:
        • Likelihood: Low
        • Impact: Critical (Malicious code in source)
        • Effort: Low (If account compromised)
        • Skill Level: Low (If account compromised)
        • Detection Difficulty: Hard
      • Publish Malicious Package to npm:
        • Likelihood: Low
        • Impact: Critical (Malicious package distribution)
        • Effort: Low (If account compromised)
        • Skill Level: Low (If account compromised)
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard
    • Users Install Compromised Hexo/Plugin/Theme (Critical Node):
      • Users Update to Compromised Version:
        • Likelihood: Medium to High
        • Impact: Critical (Widespread compromise)
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Very Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Very Hard
      • New Users Install Compromised Version:
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: Critical (Widespread compromise)
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Very Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Very Hard
  • Potential Impact: Widespread compromise of Hexo applications using the affected component, leading to arbitrary code execution, data theft, or other malicious activities on a massive scale.