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Attack Tree Analysis for isaacs/inherits

Objective: Compromise Application Using 'inherits'

Attack Tree Visualization

Attack Goal: Compromise Application Using 'inherits' [CRITICAL NODE] └── 1. Exploit Vulnerabilities Related to 'inherits' Usage [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH] └── 1.1. Exploit Logic Flaws Due to Incorrect Inheritance [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH] ├── 1.1.1. Method Overriding Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH] │ ├── 1.1.1.1. Override Security-Critical Method with Insecure Logic [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH] │ └── 1.1.1.2. Bypass Input Validation in Overridden Method [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH] └── 2. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Application Logic that Interacts with Inherited Objects [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH] └── 2.1. Type Confusion due to Inheritance [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH] ├── 2.1.1. Incorrect Type Checking in Inherited Methods [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH] │ └── 2.1.1.1. Assume Specific Class Instance When Base Class is Expected [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH] └── 2.1.2. Polymorphism Exploitation for Unexpected Behavior [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH] └── 2.1.2.1. Rely on Base Class Behavior, Child Class Alters it Insecurely [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Vulnerabilities Related to 'inherits' Usage [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Attack Vector Category: Exploiting vulnerabilities that arise from how 'inherits' is used to establish inheritance relationships in the application code. This is the primary high-risk area as it directly relates to the application's logic and design.
  • Likelihood: Medium - These vulnerabilities are dependent on coding practices and application design, making them reasonably probable in complex applications using inheritance.
  • Impact: High - Successful exploitation can lead to significant security breaches, including unauthorized access, data manipulation, and privilege escalation.
  • Effort: Low - Medium - Identifying these vulnerabilities often requires code review and understanding of the application's inheritance structure, which is within the reach of moderately skilled attackers.
  • Skill Level: Medium - Requires a good understanding of object-oriented programming principles, inheritance, and common coding errors.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium - Detection requires careful code review, security testing focused on inheritance, and potentially runtime monitoring of application behavior.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1. Exploit Logic Flaws Due to Incorrect Inheritance [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Attack Vector Category: Exploiting logical errors introduced by incorrect or insecure implementation of inheritance, specifically focusing on method overriding vulnerabilities.
  • Likelihood: Medium - Common in applications where inheritance is not carefully managed or understood by developers.
  • Impact: High - Can lead to bypass of security controls, data breaches, and privilege escalation.
  • Effort: Low - Medium - Identifying these flaws can be done through code review and targeted testing.
  • Skill Level: Medium - Requires understanding of inheritance and application logic.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium - Detectable through code review and security testing focusing on inheritance.

    • 1.1.1. Method Overriding Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

      • Attack Vector Category: Exploiting vulnerabilities that arise when child classes override methods from parent classes in an insecure manner.

      • Likelihood: Medium - High - Method overriding is a core feature of inheritance, and insecure overrides are a common source of vulnerabilities.

      • Impact: High - Overriding security-critical methods or input validation can directly compromise application security.

      • Effort: Low - Medium - Identifying vulnerable overrides can be done through code review.

      • Skill Level: Medium - Requires understanding of inheritance and method overriding.

      • Detection Difficulty: Medium - Detectable through code review and security testing.

      • 1.1.1.1. Override Security-Critical Method with Insecure Logic [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

        • Attack Vector: An attacker exploits a child class that overrides a security-critical method (e.g., access control, authentication) from a parent class with logic that weakens or bypasses the intended security measures.
        • Insight: If a parent class has a method enforcing security, and a child class incorrectly overrides it without maintaining security, it can be exploited.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Low - Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium

      • 1.1.1.2. Bypass Input Validation in Overridden Method [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

        • Attack Vector: An attacker bypasses input validation by exploiting a child class that overrides a method responsible for input validation in a parent class, but fails to implement proper validation in the overridden method.
        • Insight: If input validation is performed in a parent method, and a child method overrides it without proper validation, attackers can bypass checks.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: Medium - High
        • Effort: Low - Medium
        • Skill Level: Low - Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Application Logic that Interacts with Inherited Objects [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Attack Vector Category: Exploiting vulnerabilities that arise from how the application logic handles and interacts with objects created through inheritance, specifically focusing on type confusion and polymorphism exploitation.
  • Likelihood: Medium - Common in dynamically typed languages like JavaScript where type checking might be less strict or overlooked.
  • Impact: Medium - High - Can lead to logic bypass, unexpected behavior, and potentially data manipulation or security policy violations.
  • Effort: Low - Medium - Identifying these vulnerabilities can be done through code review and dynamic analysis.
  • Skill Level: Medium - Requires understanding of type systems, polymorphism, and object-oriented design principles.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium - Detectable through code review, static analysis with type checking tools, and runtime type monitoring.

    • 2.1. Type Confusion due to Inheritance [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

      • Attack Vector Category: Exploiting vulnerabilities caused by the application incorrectly assuming the type or behavior of an object in an inheritance hierarchy, leading to type confusion.

      • Likelihood: Medium - Common coding error, especially in dynamically typed languages.

      • Impact: Medium - Can lead to logic bypass and unexpected behavior.

      • Effort: Low - Medium - Identifying type confusion vulnerabilities requires code review and dynamic analysis.

      • Skill Level: Low - Medium - Basic understanding of type systems and inheritance.

      • Detection Difficulty: Medium - Detectable through code review and static analysis.

      • 2.1.1. Incorrect Type Checking in Inherited Methods [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

        • Attack Vector Category: Exploiting vulnerabilities where methods interacting with inherited objects perform inadequate or incorrect type checking, leading to unexpected behavior when a child class instance is used where a base class instance was expected.

        • Likelihood: Medium

        • Impact: Medium

        • Effort: Low - Medium

        • Skill Level: Low - Medium

        • Detection Difficulty: Medium

        • 2.1.1.1. Assume Specific Class Instance When Base Class is Expected [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

          • Attack Vector: An attacker exploits code that expects an instance of a base class but receives an instance of a child class with unexpected properties or behavior due to inheritance, leading to logic errors and potential vulnerabilities.
          • Insight: If code expects an instance of a base class but receives an instance of a child class with unexpected properties or behavior due to inheritance, it can lead to logic errors and potential vulnerabilities.
          • Likelihood: Medium
          • Impact: Medium
          • Effort: Low - Medium
          • Skill Level: Low - Medium
          • Detection Difficulty: Medium

      • 2.1.2. Polymorphism Exploitation for Unexpected Behavior [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

        • Attack Vector Category: Exploiting vulnerabilities where the application relies on specific behavior of a base class method, but a child class overrides it in an insecure or unexpected way, leading to polymorphism exploitation.

        • Likelihood: Medium - Common design flaw when inheritance is used without careful consideration of behavioral contracts.

        • Impact: Medium - High - Can lead to logic bypass and security policy violations.

        • Effort: Low - Medium - Identifying vulnerable polymorphism usage requires code review.

        • Skill Level: Medium - Requires understanding of polymorphism and object-oriented design.

        • Detection Difficulty: Medium - Detectable through code review and behavioral testing.

        • 2.1.2.1. Rely on Base Class Behavior, Child Class Alters it Insecurely [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH RISK PATH]

          • Attack Vector: An attacker exploits code that relies on the expected behavior of a base class method, but a child class overrides this method and alters its behavior in a way that introduces a security vulnerability or bypasses intended logic.
          • Insight: Polymorphism is powerful, but if the application relies on specific behavior of a base class method, and a child class overrides it in an insecure way, it can be exploited.
          • Likelihood: Medium
          • Impact: Medium - High
          • Effort: Low - Medium
          • Skill Level: Medium
          • Detection Difficulty: Medium