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Attack Tree Analysis for tryghost/ghost

Objective: Gain Unauthorized Administrative Access [CN]

Attack Tree Visualization

                                     Gain Unauthorized Administrative Access [CN]
                                                    |
        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |                                               |                                       |
  Exploit Ghost Core Vulnerabilities          Compromise Ghost Admin Interface Directly     Exploit Ghost Integrations/Themes
        |                                               |                                       |
  --------------|-----------------             --------------                               --------------
  |             |                |             |                                             |
API Vuln.  Theme/App  Config.        Brute-Force                                  3rd Party Integration
(Ghost API) Upload Vuln.  Vuln.           Admin Login                                   Vulnerabilities [HR]
[CN] [HR]   [HR]         [HR]                    [HR]                                         |
                                                                                       ----------------
                                                                                       |
                                                                                Vulnerable Package
                                                                                [HR]
                                                                                (e.g., in theme)

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Ghost Core Vulnerabilities

  • 1.1 API Vulnerabilities (Ghost API) [CN] [HR]:

    • Description: Ghost's API is crucial for content management and administration. Vulnerabilities in input validation, authorization, rate limiting, or JWT handling within the API could allow attackers to bypass security restrictions.
    • Example: An attacker exploits an API endpoint that lacks proper role checks, enabling a non-admin user to perform administrative actions (e.g., creating users, deleting content). Alternatively, a flaw in JWT handling could allow forging an admin token.
    • Likelihood: Medium
    • Impact: High to Very High
    • Effort: Medium to High
    • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard

  • 1.2 Theme/App Upload Vulnerabilities [HR]:

    • Description: Ghost allows uploading custom themes and apps. If the upload process doesn't properly sanitize or validate uploaded files, an attacker could upload a malicious theme or app containing server-side executable code.
    • Example: An attacker uploads a theme containing a malicious JavaScript or (if a bypass exists) PHP file that executes on the server, granting shell access or allowing data exfiltration.
    • Likelihood: Low to Medium
    • Impact: High to Very High
    • Effort: Medium to High
    • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium

  • 1.3 Configuration Vulnerabilities [HR]:

    • Description: Misconfigurations in Ghost's configuration files (e.g., config.production.json), such as exposing sensitive information (database credentials, API keys) or enabling debug mode in production, can create vulnerabilities.
    • Example: An attacker gains access to the config.production.json file (perhaps through a directory traversal vulnerability or a misconfigured server) and obtains database credentials.
    • Likelihood: Low to Medium
    • Impact: Medium to Very High
    • Effort: Low to Medium
    • Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Easy to Medium

Attack Tree Path: 2. Compromise Ghost Admin Interface Directly

  • 2.1 Brute-Force Admin Login [HR]:
    • Description: An attacker attempts to guess the administrator's username and password by trying many different combinations.
    • Example: Using a dictionary attack or a brute-force tool to try common usernames and passwords.
    • Likelihood: Medium to High
    • Impact: High
    • Effort: Low to Medium
    • Skill Level: Script Kiddie to Beginner
    • Detection Difficulty: Easy

Attack Tree Path: 3. Exploit Ghost Integrations/Themes

  • 3.1 3rd Party Integration Vulnerabilities [HR]:

    • Description: Vulnerabilities in third-party integrations (apps) could be exploited to compromise the Ghost blog. This is a broad category encompassing various potential flaws.

    • Example: A poorly coded integration might have a SQL injection vulnerability, expose sensitive data, or contain other security weaknesses.

    • Likelihood: Medium

    • Impact: Low to Very High

    • Effort: Low to High

    • Skill Level: Beginner to Advanced

    • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard

    • 3.1.1 Vulnerable Package (e.g., in theme) [HR]:

      • Description: A theme or integration includes an outdated or vulnerable JavaScript library (or other dependency) with known security issues.
      • Example: A theme uses an old version of jQuery with a known cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability.
      • Likelihood: Medium to High
      • Impact: Low to High
      • Effort: Low to Medium
      • Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Easy to Medium