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Attack Tree Analysis for vercel/next.js

Objective: Gain Unauthorized Access via Next.js

Attack Tree Visualization

                                      [Attacker's Goal: Gain Unauthorized Access via Next.js]
                                                      |
                                     -----------------------------------------
                                     |                                       |
                      [Exploit Server-Side Rendering (SSR) / API Routes]   [Exploit Client-Side Features]
                                     |                                       |
                -------------------------------------             -------------------------------------
                |                   |               |             |                   |
[Misconfigured  [Vulnerable        [Leaked         [Exploit      [Vulnerable
  API Route     Dependencies in    Environment    `getStaticProps`  Dependencies in
  Permissions   Server-Side Code]  Variables]     or             Client-Side Code]
  (CRITICAL)]   (CRITICAL)]        (CRITICAL)]     `getServerSideProps`]
                                                    ]
                |                   |                               |
          -------------       -------------                       -----
          |           |       |           |                       |
[Bypass    [DoS via   [Dependency  [Supply                        [Data
  AuthN/Z]  API Route  Confusion   Chain                         Leakage]
 (CRITICAL) Flooding]  (CRITICAL)] Attack]                        (CRITICAL)]
            ]                       
                                    
                                    (CRITICAL)]

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path 1

  • Exploit Server-Side Rendering (SSR) / API Routes: The attacker targets vulnerabilities or misconfigurations within the server-side components of the Next.js application.
    • Misconfigured API Route Permissions (CRITICAL):
      • Description: API routes (/pages/api/*) lack proper authentication and authorization checks within the route handler itself.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High to Very High
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Bypass AuthN/Z (CRITICAL):
      • Description: The attacker successfully accesses protected resources or functionality without proper credentials.
      • Likelihood: High (if Misconfigured API Route Permissions exist)
      • Impact: High to Very High
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path 2

  • Exploit Server-Side Rendering (SSR) / API Routes: The attacker targets vulnerabilities or misconfigurations within the server-side components.
    • Vulnerable Dependencies in Server-Side Code (CRITICAL):
      • Description: Server-side code (API routes, getServerSideProps, getStaticProps) uses packages with known vulnerabilities.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High to Very High
      • Effort: Medium to High
      • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard
    • Dependency Confusion (CRITICAL):
      • Description: The attacker publishes a malicious package with the same name as an internal/private package, tricking the application into installing it.
      • Likelihood: Low
      • Impact: Very High
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Advanced
      • Detection Difficulty: Hard

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path 3

  • Exploit Server-Side Rendering (SSR) / API Routes: The attacker targets vulnerabilities or misconfigurations within the server-side components.
    • Leaked Environment Variables (CRITICAL):
      • Description: Sensitive information (API keys, database credentials) stored in environment variables are accidentally exposed in API responses or logs.
      • Likelihood: Low to Medium
      • Impact: High to Very High
      • Effort: Very Low
      • Skill Level: Novice
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path 4

  • Exploit Server-Side Rendering (SSR) / API Routes: The attacker targets vulnerabilities or misconfigurations within the server-side components.
    • Vulnerable Dependencies in Server-Side Code (CRITICAL):
      • Description: Server-side code (API routes, getServerSideProps, getStaticProps) uses packages with known vulnerabilities.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High to Very High
      • Effort: Medium to High
      • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard
    • Supply Chain Attack (CRITICAL):
      • Description: The attacker compromises a legitimate dependency used by the application, injecting malicious code that is then executed by the application.
      • Likelihood: Low
      • Impact: Very High
      • Effort: Very High
      • Skill Level: Expert
      • Detection Difficulty: Very Hard

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path 5

  • Exploit Client-Side Features: The attacker targets vulnerabilities or misconfigurations within the client-side components of the Next.js application.
    • Vulnerable Dependencies in Client-Side Code:
      • Description: Client-side code uses packages with known vulnerabilities.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Medium to High
      • Effort: Medium to High
      • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard
    • Dependency Confusion (CRITICAL):
      • Description: The attacker publishes a malicious package with the same name as an internal/private package, tricking the application into installing it (executed in the user's browser).
      • Likelihood: Low
      • Impact: High
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Advanced
      • Detection Difficulty: Hard

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path 6

  • Exploit Client-Side Features: The attacker targets vulnerabilities in how data is handled on the client-side, even if fetched server-side.
    • Exploit getStaticProps or getServerSideProps: The attacker leverages issues in how these data-fetching functions are used.
      • Likelihood: Low to Medium
      • Impact: Medium to High
      • Effort: Medium to High
      • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard
    • Data Leakage (CRITICAL):
      • Description: Sensitive data fetched by getStaticProps or getServerSideProps is unintentionally exposed to the client.
      • Likelihood: Low to Medium
      • Impact: Medium to High
      • Effort: Very Low
      • Skill Level: Novice
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium