attack-tree.md

Attack Tree Analysis for insertkoinio/koin

Objective: Compromise Application Using Koin

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise Application Using Koin [HIGH-RISK PATH] ├───[OR]─ 1. Compromise Koin Configuration [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ ├───[OR]─ 1.1. Manipulate Koin Module Loading [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ ├───[AND]─ 1.1.2. Inject Malicious Koin Module [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ │ ├───[OR]─ 1.1.2.1. Modify Configuration Files (if modules loaded via config) [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ └─── 1.1.2.1.1. Access Configuration Files (e.g., file system access, config server compromise) [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ │ ├───[OR]─ 1.1.2.2. Exploit Dynamic Module Loading Vulnerabilities (if applicable) │ │ │ │ └─── 1.1.2.2.1. Identify & Exploit Injection Points in Module Loading Logic [CRITICAL NODE] │ ├───[OR]─ 1.2. Exploit Property Injection Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ ├───[AND]─ 1.2.2. Manipulate Property Sources [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ │ ├───[OR]─ 1.2.2.1. Modify Property Files (if used) [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ └─── 1.2.2.1.1. Access and Modify Property Files (e.g., file system access) [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ │ ├───[OR]─ 1.2.2.2. Control Environment Variables (if used) [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ └─── 1.2.2.2.1. Modify Environment Variables (e.g., server access, container escape) [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ │ ├───[OR]─ 1.2.2.3. Exploit Insecure Property Resolution (if applicable) │ │ │ │ └─── 1.2.2.3.1. Identify and Exploit vulnerabilities in custom property resolvers [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ ├───[AND]─ 1.2.3. Inject Malicious Values via Properties [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ │ └─── 1.2.3.1. Inject values that lead to code execution, data leakage, or denial of service [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ │ └───[OR]─ 1.2.3.1.2. Inject malicious code snippets (if properties are used in unsafe ways) [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ ├───[OR]─ 2.2. Vulnerabilities in Custom Factories/Providers (if used) [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ ├───[AND]─ 2.2.2. Analyze Custom Factory/Provider Code for Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ │ ├───[OR]─ 2.2.2.1. Input Validation Issues in Factory/Provider Logic [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ └─── 2.2.2.1.1. Injecting malicious input to factory/provider during dependency creation [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ │ ├───[OR]─ 2.2.2.3. Logic Errors or Security Flaws in Custom Code [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ └─── 2.2.2.3.1. Exploiting vulnerabilities in the custom code responsible for dependency creation [CRITICAL NODE] │ ├───[OR]─ 3. Exploit Koin Library Vulnerabilities (Less Likely, but Possible) │ │ ├───[AND]─ 3.3. Exploit Identified Vulnerability (if found) [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ │ └─── 3.3.1.1. Develop or find exploit code for the specific Koin vulnerability [CRITICAL NODE] └───[OR]─ 4. Abuse Misuse of Koin Features ├───[OR]─ 4.1. Over-Reliance on Global State/Singletons │ ├───[AND]─ 4.1.2. Exploit Shared State in Singletons [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ ├───[OR]─ 4.1.2.1. State Manipulation in Singletons [CRITICAL NODE] ├───[OR]─ 4.2. Insecure Dependency Injection Practices [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ ├───[AND]─ 4.2.2. Exploit Insecurely Injected Dependencies [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ ├───[OR]─ 4.2.2.1. Injecting Dependencies with Excessive Permissions [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ └─── 4.2.2.1.1. Gaining access to sensitive resources or functionalities through over-privileged dependencies [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ ├───[OR]─ 4.2.2.2. Injecting Dependencies that are Vulnerable [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ └─── 4.2.2.2.1. Exploiting vulnerabilities in dependencies injected via Koin [CRITICAL NODE]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Compromise Koin Configuration [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

• Attack Vector: Attackers target the configuration of Koin to inject malicious components or manipulate application behavior. This path is high-risk because successful configuration compromise can lead to immediate and significant control over the application.

  • 1.1. Manipulate Koin Module Loading [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Attack Vector: Focuses on altering the process by which Koin modules are loaded into the application. By injecting malicious modules, attackers can introduce arbitrary code into the application's execution flow.
      • 1.1.2. Inject Malicious Koin Module [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Attack Vector: The core action of inserting a module containing malicious code into the application's Koin context. This is a critical node because it directly achieves code execution within the application.
          • 1.1.2.1. Modify Configuration Files (if modules loaded via config) [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
            • Attack Vector: If Koin modules are loaded from configuration files, attackers attempt to modify these files to include references to their malicious modules.
              • 1.1.2.1.1. Access Configuration Files (e.g., file system access, config server compromise) [CRITICAL NODE]:
                • Attack Vector: Gaining unauthorized access to the configuration files is the prerequisite for modifying them. This can be achieved through various means like exploiting file system vulnerabilities, compromising configuration servers, or using stolen credentials.
          • 1.1.2.2. Exploit Dynamic Module Loading Vulnerabilities (if applicable):
            • Attack Vector: If the application uses dynamic module loading mechanisms (e.g., loading modules based on user input or external data), attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in this logic to inject malicious module paths or content.
              • 1.1.2.2.1. Identify & Exploit Injection Points in Module Loading Logic [CRITICAL NODE]:
                • Attack Vector: Identifying and exploiting injection points in the code responsible for dynamic module loading. This requires understanding the application's code and finding weaknesses in how it handles external input related to module loading.

  • 1.2. Exploit Property Injection Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Attack Vector: Targets the property injection feature of Koin. By manipulating property sources, attackers can inject malicious values that can alter application behavior, lead to code execution, or cause information disclosure.
      • 1.2.2. Manipulate Property Sources [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Attack Vector: Gaining control over the sources from which Koin retrieves properties (e.g., property files, environment variables, remote configuration). This is a critical step to inject malicious properties.
          • 1.2.2.1. Modify Property Files (if used) [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
            • Attack Vector: If properties are loaded from files, attackers attempt to modify these files to inject malicious property values.
              • 1.2.2.1.1. Access and Modify Property Files (e.g., file system access) [CRITICAL NODE]:
                • Attack Vector: Similar to configuration files, gaining unauthorized access to property files is necessary to modify them.
          • 1.2.2.2. Control Environment Variables (if used) [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
            • Attack Vector: If properties are sourced from environment variables, attackers try to control the environment in which the application runs to set malicious environment variables. This could involve server access or container escape.
              • 1.2.2.2.1. Modify Environment Variables (e.g., server access, container escape) [CRITICAL NODE]:
                • Attack Vector: Achieving the ability to modify environment variables on the server or container where the application is running.
          • 1.2.2.3. Exploit Insecure Property Resolution (if applicable):
            • Attack Vector: If the application uses custom property resolvers, vulnerabilities in these resolvers can be exploited to inject malicious properties.
              • 1.2.2.3.1. Identify and Exploit vulnerabilities in custom property resolvers [CRITICAL NODE]:
                • Attack Vector: Analyzing and finding vulnerabilities (like injection flaws) in the custom code responsible for resolving properties.
      • 1.2.3. Inject Malicious Values via Properties [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Attack Vector: The act of injecting crafted property values designed to cause harm. This is a critical node as it represents the successful exploitation of property injection.
          • 1.2.3.1. Inject values that lead to code execution, data leakage, or denial of service [CRITICAL NODE]:
            • Attack Vector: The ultimate goal of property injection attacks. Malicious properties can be crafted to:
              • 1.2.3.1.2. Inject malicious code snippets (if properties are used in unsafe ways) [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
                • Attack Vector: If the application unsafely uses property values in contexts where code execution is possible (e.g., using properties in scripting engines or Runtime.getRuntime().exec()), attackers can inject code snippets as property values.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Vulnerabilities in Custom Factories/Providers (if used) [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

• Attack Vector: If the application uses custom factories or providers for dependency creation, vulnerabilities in this custom code can be exploited. This is a high-risk path because custom code is often less scrutinized than library code and can introduce unique vulnerabilities.
  • 2.2.2. Analyze Custom Factory/Provider Code for Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Attack Vector: The process of examining the code of custom factories and providers to identify security flaws. This is a critical node because vulnerability discovery is necessary for exploitation.
      • 2.2.2.1. Input Validation Issues in Factory/Provider Logic [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
        • Attack Vector: Custom factories or providers might take input during dependency creation. If this input is not properly validated, injection vulnerabilities can arise.
          • 2.2.2.1.1. Injecting malicious input to factory/provider during dependency creation [CRITICAL NODE]:
            • Attack Vector: Exploiting input validation flaws by providing malicious input to custom factories/providers during dependency resolution.
      • 2.2.2.3. Logic Errors or Security Flaws in Custom Code [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
        • Attack Vector: General logic errors or security flaws in the custom code of factories/providers that can be exploited to compromise the application.
          • 2.2.2.3.1. Exploiting vulnerabilities in the custom code responsible for dependency creation [CRITICAL NODE]:
            • Attack Vector: Exploiting any type of security vulnerability present in the custom factory/provider code, such as logic flaws, resource leaks, or insecure handling of sensitive data.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Exploit Koin Library Vulnerabilities (Less Likely, but Possible):

• Attack Vector: Exploiting known vulnerabilities within the Koin library itself. While less likely than application-specific vulnerabilities, it's still a potential high-impact path if a vulnerability exists.
  • 3.3. Exploit Identified Vulnerability (if found) [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Attack Vector: The action of exploiting a discovered vulnerability in the Koin library. This is a critical node as it directly leads to application compromise through a library flaw.
      • 3.3.1.1. Develop or find exploit code for the specific Koin vulnerability [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Attack Vector: The necessary step of obtaining or creating exploit code that can leverage the identified Koin vulnerability.

Attack Tree Path: 4. Abuse Misuse of Koin Features:

• Attack Vector: Exploiting vulnerabilities arising from developers' improper or insecure usage of Koin features.

  • 4.1. Over-Reliance on Global State/Singletons:

    • Attack Vector: Abusing the use of singletons, especially mutable singletons, to manipulate application state in unintended ways.
      • 4.1.2. Exploit Shared State in Singletons [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
        • Attack Vector: Exploiting the shared mutable state of singleton dependencies to cause logic errors, data corruption, or potentially privilege escalation.
          • 4.1.2.1. State Manipulation in Singletons [CRITICAL NODE]:
            • Attack Vector: Directly modifying the state of a singleton instance to affect other parts of the application that rely on the same singleton.

  • 4.2. Insecure Dependency Injection Practices [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Attack Vector: Exploiting vulnerabilities introduced by insecure dependency injection configurations or practices.
      • 4.2.2. Exploit Insecurely Injected Dependencies [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Attack Vector: Taking advantage of dependencies that are injected insecurely.
          • 4.2.2.1. Injecting Dependencies with Excessive Permissions [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
            • Attack Vector: If dependencies are injected with broader permissions than necessary, attackers can abuse these over-privileged dependencies to access sensitive resources or functionalities.
              • 4.2.2.1.1. Gaining access to sensitive resources or functionalities through over-privileged dependencies [CRITICAL NODE]:
                • Attack Vector: Successfully using an over-privileged injected dependency to gain unauthorized access to sensitive parts of the application or system.
          • 4.2.2.2. Injecting Dependencies that are Vulnerable [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
            • Attack Vector: If vulnerable dependencies are injected via Koin, attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities through the application's dependency injection mechanism.
              • 4.2.2.2.1. Exploiting vulnerabilities in dependencies injected via Koin [CRITICAL NODE]:
                • Attack Vector: Leveraging known vulnerabilities in dependencies that are injected into the application via Koin to compromise the application itself.