attack-tree.md

Attack Tree Analysis for liujingxing/rxhttp

Objective: To gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or functionality within the application by exploiting vulnerabilities or misconfigurations related to the RxHttp library. This could manifest as data exfiltration, unauthorized actions, or denial of service.

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise Application via RxHttp **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
├─── RxHttp Library Vulnerabilities **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   └─── Dependency Vulnerabilities (OkHttp, RxJava) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│       └─── Exploit Known OkHttp Vulnerabilities **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│           └─── Outdated OkHttp Version **[CRITICAL NODE]**
├─── Misuse of RxHttp by Developers **[HIGH RISK PATH]** **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   ├─── Insecure Interceptor Implementation **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   ├─── Logging Sensitive Data in Interceptors **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   ├─── Bypassing Security Measures in Interceptors **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   ├─── Improper Error Handling with RxHttp Observables **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   └─── Information Disclosure via Verbose Error Messages Exposed by RxHttp **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   ├─── Incorrect SSL/TLS Configuration via RxHttp Options **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   └─── Man-in-the-Middle Attacks due to Weak TLS Settings **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   └─── Over-Reliance on RxHttp's Security Features without Proper Validation **[HIGH RISK PATH]** **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│       └─── Server-Side Vulnerabilities Exposed due to Lack of Input Validation (Not RxHttp's Fault, but relevant in context) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│           └─── Likelihood: Medium/High
│               └─── Impact: High

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Application via RxHttp -> RxHttp Library Vulnerabilities -> Dependency Vulnerabilities -> Exploit Known OkHttp Vulnerabilities -> Outdated OkHttp Version

• Attack Vector Breakdown:
  • Outdated OkHttp Version [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Description: The application uses an outdated version of OkHttp, a core dependency of RxHttp. This outdated version contains known security vulnerabilities that have been publicly disclosed and potentially patched in newer versions.
    • Exploitation: An attacker identifies the outdated OkHttp version used by the application (e.g., through dependency analysis or error messages). They then research known vulnerabilities associated with that specific version. Publicly available exploits or techniques are used to target these vulnerabilities.
    • Potential Vulnerabilities: Common vulnerabilities in outdated HTTP libraries include:
      • Denial of Service (DoS) attacks
      • Header Injection vulnerabilities
      • Bypass of security features
      • In some cases, Remote Code Execution (RCE) depending on the specific vulnerability.
    • Impact: Successful exploitation can lead to a wide range of impacts, from service disruption to complete compromise of the application and potentially underlying systems, depending on the severity of the OkHttp vulnerability.

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Application via RxHttp -> Misuse of RxHttp by Developers -> Insecure Interceptor Implementation -> Logging Sensitive Data in Interceptors

• Attack Vector Breakdown:
  • Logging Sensitive Data in Interceptors [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Description: Developers implement OkHttp interceptors within the application using RxHttp. These interceptors are configured to log request and/or response data for debugging or monitoring purposes. However, sensitive information, such as authentication tokens, API keys, user credentials, or Personally Identifiable Information (PII), is inadvertently included in the logs.
    • Exploitation: An attacker gains access to the application's logs. This could be through:
      • Compromising the logging system itself.
      • Exploiting vulnerabilities in log management tools.
      • Social engineering or insider threats to gain access to log files.
    • Impact: Information Disclosure. Attackers can extract sensitive data from the logs, which can be used for:
      • Account takeover using stolen credentials.
      • Data breaches by accessing PII.
      • Bypassing security controls using leaked API keys or tokens.
    • Example Sensitive Data in Logs:
      • Authorization: Bearer <sensitive_token> header
      • Request bodies containing user passwords or credit card details
      • Response bodies with sensitive user data

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Application via RxHttp -> Misuse of RxHttp by Developers -> Insecure Interceptor Implementation -> Bypassing Security Measures in Interceptors

• Attack Vector Breakdown:
  • Bypassing Security Measures in Interceptors [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Description: Developers implement interceptors that unintentionally or intentionally bypass security measures implemented elsewhere in the application or on the server-side. This could involve removing security headers, altering request parameters in a way that circumvents validation, or disabling security features.
    • Exploitation: Attackers identify the presence of insecure interceptors through code review (if possible), reverse engineering, or by observing application behavior. They then craft requests or manipulate the application in a way that triggers the interceptor to bypass intended security controls.
    • Examples of Security Measures Bypassed:
      • Removing authentication headers, allowing unauthenticated access.
      • Modifying request parameters to bypass input validation rules.
      • Disabling certificate validation (though less likely in typical RxHttp usage, more relevant in custom OkHttp configurations).
      • Removing Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) protection headers.
    • Impact: Complete or partial security bypass. This can lead to:
      • Unauthorized access to protected resources.
      • Data manipulation or exfiltration.
      • Privilege escalation.

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Application via RxHttp -> Misuse of RxHttp by Developers -> Improper Error Handling with RxHttp Observables -> Information Disclosure via Verbose Error Messages Exposed by RxHttp

• Attack Vector Breakdown:
  • Information Disclosure via Verbose Error Messages Exposed by RxHttp [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Description: Developers using RxHttp's reactive approach with RxJava Observables fail to implement proper error handling. As a result, when errors occur during HTTP requests (e.g., server errors, network issues, parsing failures), verbose error messages are exposed to the user interface or application logs. These error messages contain sensitive internal details about the application, server infrastructure, or code paths.
    • Exploitation: An attacker triggers application errors, either intentionally or by normal interaction. They then analyze the error messages displayed in the UI or accessible logs to gather information.
    • Examples of Information Disclosed in Error Messages:
      • Internal file paths and directory structures.
      • Database connection strings or server addresses.
      • Software versions and library details.
      • Code snippets or stack traces revealing application logic.
    • Impact: Information Disclosure. Attackers can use the leaked information to:
      • Gain a deeper understanding of the application's architecture and vulnerabilities.
      • Plan more targeted attacks based on revealed internal details.
      • Potentially discover credentials or configuration details exposed in error messages.

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Application via RxHttp -> Misuse of RxHttp by Developers -> Incorrect SSL/TLS Configuration via RxHttp Options -> Man-in-the-Middle Attacks due to Weak TLS Settings

• Attack Vector Breakdown:
  • Man-in-the-Middle Attacks due to Weak TLS Settings [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Description: Developers incorrectly configure SSL/TLS settings when using RxHttp (or the underlying OkHttp through RxHttp's configuration options). This might involve disabling certificate validation, using weak cipher suites, or downgrading TLS versions. These weakened TLS settings make the application vulnerable to Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks.
    • Exploitation: An attacker positions themselves in the network path between the application and the server (e.g., on a public Wi-Fi network, through ARP poisoning, or DNS spoofing). Due to the weakened TLS configuration, the attacker can intercept and decrypt the communication between the application and the server.
    • Impact: Man-in-the-Middle Attack. Attackers can:
      • Intercept and read sensitive data transmitted over HTTPS, including credentials, session tokens, and user data.
      • Modify requests and responses in transit, potentially injecting malicious content or altering application behavior.
      • Impersonate the server or the client.
    • Examples of Weak TLS Settings:
      • Disabling certificate pinning or validation.
      • Allowing insecure cipher suites (e.g., those vulnerable to BEAST, POODLE attacks).
      • Forcing downgrade to older TLS versions (e.g., TLS 1.0, SSLv3).

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Application via RxHttp -> Misuse of RxHttp by Developers -> Over-Reliance on RxHttp's Security Features without Proper Validation -> Server-Side Vulnerabilities Exposed due to Lack of Input Validation

• Attack Vector Breakdown:
  • Server-Side Vulnerabilities Exposed due to Lack of Input Validation [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Description: Developers mistakenly believe that using RxHttp for secure HTTPS communication is sufficient for overall application security. They neglect to implement proper input validation and sanitization on the server-side. This leaves the server-side application vulnerable to various injection attacks and other input-related vulnerabilities, even though the communication channel itself is encrypted by HTTPS.
    • Exploitation: Attackers bypass client-side validation (if any) or directly craft malicious requests to the server using tools like Burp Suite or curl. Because the server lacks proper input validation, these malicious requests are processed, leading to vulnerabilities.
    • Examples of Server-Side Vulnerabilities:
      • SQL Injection (SQLi)
      • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (if server generates dynamic content based on unvalidated input)
      • Command Injection
      • Path Traversal
      • Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
    • Impact: Wide range of server-side vulnerabilities. Depending on the specific vulnerability, attackers can:
      • Gain unauthorized access to the database (SQLi).
      • Execute arbitrary code on the server (Command Injection, RCE).
      • Steal user sessions or credentials (XSS).
      • Access sensitive files on the server (Path Traversal).
      • Pivot to internal networks (SSRF).