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BUSINESS POSTURE

This project, Maestro, aims to provide a painless mobile UI automation solution. The primary business goal is to empower mobile development teams to efficiently create, run, and maintain UI tests for their applications. This leads to faster feedback loops, improved software quality, and reduced time to market for mobile applications.

Key business priorities are:

  • Ease of use: The tool should be simple to learn and use for developers and QA engineers with varying levels of automation experience.
  • Reliability: Tests should be reliable and produce consistent results across different devices and environments.
  • Performance: Test execution should be fast to enable rapid feedback during development.
  • Scalability: The solution should scale to accommodate growing teams and increasing test volumes.
  • Integration: Seamless integration with existing development workflows and CI/CD pipelines is crucial.

Most important business risks to address:

  • Data breaches: If Maestro handles sensitive application data or test credentials, breaches could lead to exposure of confidential information.
  • Service disruption: Downtime or instability of Maestro services could halt testing processes and delay releases.
  • Inaccurate test results: Flawed test execution or reporting could lead to undetected bugs in production applications, impacting user experience and business reputation.
  • Vendor lock-in: Over-reliance on a single automation tool could create challenges if the tool becomes unsupported or unsuitable in the future.
  • Security vulnerabilities in Maestro itself: Vulnerabilities in Maestro could be exploited to compromise the testing environment or the applications being tested.

SECURITY POSTURE

Existing security controls:

  • security control: Access control to the GitHub repository is likely in place, limiting who can contribute to the codebase. (Implemented in: GitHub repository settings)
  • security control: Code review processes are likely used for contributions to the codebase. (Implemented in: Development workflow, GitHub pull requests)
  • security control: Software Composition Analysis (SCA) tools might be used to scan dependencies for known vulnerabilities. (Likely implemented in: CI/CD pipeline, if any)
  • security control: Static Application Security Testing (SAST) tools might be used to scan the codebase for potential security flaws. (Likely implemented in: CI/CD pipeline, if any)
  • security control: Regular security patching of underlying infrastructure and dependencies is assumed. (Implemented in: Infrastructure management processes)

Accepted risks:

  • accepted risk: Potential vulnerabilities in third-party dependencies. (Mitigation: SCA tools, dependency updates)
  • accepted risk: Risk of insider threats with access to the codebase and testing infrastructure. (Mitigation: Access control, code review, monitoring)
  • accepted risk: Reliance on the security of underlying cloud providers or hosting environments. (Mitigation: Choosing reputable providers, security configuration)

Recommended security controls:

  • security control: Implement robust authentication and authorization mechanisms for accessing Maestro services and data.
  • security control: Implement input validation and sanitization to prevent injection attacks.
  • security control: Use encryption for sensitive data at rest and in transit.
  • security control: Conduct regular penetration testing and vulnerability assessments of Maestro components.
  • security control: Implement security monitoring and logging to detect and respond to security incidents.
  • security control: Establish a secure software development lifecycle (SSDLC) incorporating security considerations at each stage.
  • security control: Implement a robust secrets management solution to protect API keys, credentials, and other sensitive information.

Security requirements:

  • Authentication:
    • requirement: Secure authentication mechanism for users accessing Maestro services (e.g., API, UI).
    • requirement: Support for multi-factor authentication (MFA) for enhanced security.
    • requirement: Integration with existing identity providers (IdP) via protocols like OAuth 2.0 or SAML for enterprise users.
  • Authorization:
    • requirement: Role-based access control (RBAC) to manage user permissions and access to resources.
    • requirement: Granular authorization policies to control access to specific features and data within Maestro.
    • requirement: Principle of least privilege should be applied to all user and service accounts.
  • Input Validation:
    • requirement: Validate all user inputs to prevent injection attacks (e.g., command injection, SQL injection, cross-site scripting).
    • requirement: Sanitize user inputs before processing or storing them.
    • requirement: Implement input validation on both client-side and server-side.
  • Cryptography:
    • requirement: Use encryption for sensitive data at rest (e.g., test results, configuration data, credentials).
    • requirement: Use encryption for sensitive data in transit (e.g., API communication, communication with mobile devices).
    • requirement: Securely store and manage cryptographic keys.
    • requirement: Utilize industry-standard and well-vetted cryptographic algorithms and libraries.

DESIGN

C4 CONTEXT

graph LR
    subgraph "Mobile App Development Team"
        Developer("Developer")
        QAEngineer("QA Engineer")
    end

    subgraph "CI/CD System"
        CICD("CI/CD Pipeline")
    end

    subgraph "Test Reporting System"
        TestReport("Test Reporting Tool")
    end

    Maestro("Maestro")

    Developer --> Maestro: Writes and runs tests
    QAEngineer --> Maestro: Runs and analyzes tests
    Maestro --> MobileDevice("Mobile Device (Emulator/Real Device)"): Executes UI tests
    Maestro --> CICD: Integrates for automated testing
    Maestro --> TestReport: Sends test results

    style Maestro fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
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Context Diagram Elements:

  • Element:
    • Name: Developer
    • Type: User
    • Description: Software developers who write and execute UI tests for mobile applications using Maestro.
    • Responsibilities: Writing test scripts, running tests locally, integrating tests into development workflow.
    • Security controls: Authentication to development environment, access control to code repository.
  • Element:
    • Name: QA Engineer
    • Type: User
    • Description: Quality assurance engineers who use Maestro to execute and analyze UI tests to ensure application quality.
    • Responsibilities: Running test suites, analyzing test results, reporting defects.
    • Security controls: Authentication to test environment, access control to test results and reporting systems.
  • Element:
    • Name: Maestro
    • Type: Software System
    • Description: The mobile UI automation tool itself, providing functionalities for test creation, execution, and management.
    • Responsibilities: Test execution, device interaction, result reporting, API for integration.
    • Security controls: Authentication, authorization, input validation, encryption, security logging, vulnerability management.
  • Element:
    • Name: Mobile Device (Emulator/Real Device)
    • Type: External System
    • Description: Physical or virtual mobile devices where the mobile application under test is installed and UI tests are executed.
    • Responsibilities: Running the mobile application, executing test commands from Maestro, providing device logs and screenshots.
    • Security controls: Device security policies, application sandboxing, network security.
  • Element:
    • Name: CI/CD Pipeline
    • Type: External System
    • Description: Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery system used to automate the build, test, and deployment process of mobile applications.
    • Responsibilities: Triggering automated UI tests using Maestro, integrating test results into the CI/CD pipeline.
    • Security controls: Authentication and authorization for API access, secure pipeline configuration, secrets management.
  • Element:
    • Name: Test Reporting Tool
    • Type: External System
    • Description: System used to aggregate, visualize, and analyze test results generated by Maestro.
    • Responsibilities: Receiving test results from Maestro, generating reports and dashboards, providing insights into test failures and trends.
    • Security controls: Authentication and authorization for access, secure data storage, data privacy controls.

C4 CONTAINER

graph LR
    subgraph "Maestro Cloud"
        MaestroAPI("Maestro API Server")
        MaestroWebUI("Maestro Web UI")
        TestOrchestrator("Test Orchestrator")
        TestResultStorage("Test Result Storage (Database)")
    end

    subgraph "Developer/QA Workstation"
        MaestroCLI("Maestro CLI")
    end

    MobileDeviceAgent("Mobile Device Agent")

    Developer --> MaestroCLI: Runs tests
    QAEngineer --> MaestroCLI: Runs tests
    MaestroCLI --> MaestroAPI: API requests
    MaestroWebUI --> MaestroAPI: API requests
    MaestroAPI --> TestOrchestrator: Schedule tests
    TestOrchestrator --> MobileDeviceAgent: Send test commands
    MobileDeviceAgent --> MobileDevice("Mobile Device"): Executes tests
    MobileDeviceAgent --> TestOrchestrator: Send test results
    TestOrchestrator --> TestResultStorage: Store test results
    TestOrchestrator --> MaestroAPI: Update test status
    MaestroAPI --> MaestroWebUI: Provide test data

    style MaestroCloud fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style MaestroCLI fill:#eee,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    style MobileDeviceAgent fill:#eee,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
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Container Diagram Elements:

  • Element:
    • Name: Maestro CLI
    • Type: Application
    • Description: Command-line interface used by developers and QA engineers to interact with Maestro, write and execute tests locally or remotely.
    • Responsibilities: Test script execution, communication with Maestro API, local test execution, result display.
    • Security controls: Authentication to Maestro API, secure storage of credentials (if any), input validation for commands.
  • Element:
    • Name: Maestro API Server
    • Type: Application
    • Description: Backend API server that handles requests from Maestro CLI and Web UI, manages test execution, and provides data access.
    • Responsibilities: API endpoint management, authentication and authorization, test scheduling, result aggregation, data persistence.
    • Security controls: Authentication, authorization, input validation, API rate limiting, security logging, vulnerability scanning.
  • Element:
    • Name: Maestro Web UI
    • Type: Application
    • Description: Web-based user interface for managing tests, viewing results, and configuring Maestro settings.
    • Responsibilities: User authentication, test management, result visualization, configuration management.
    • Security controls: Authentication, authorization, input validation, output encoding, session management, secure cookies, Content Security Policy (CSP).
  • Element:
    • Name: Test Orchestrator
    • Type: Application
    • Description: Component responsible for managing and orchestrating test execution across multiple devices and environments.
    • Responsibilities: Test scheduling, device allocation, test command distribution, result collection, reporting to API server.
    • Security controls: Secure communication with device agents, resource management, error handling, logging.
  • Element:
    • Name: Test Result Storage (Database)
    • Type: Data Store
    • Description: Database used to store test results, execution logs, and configuration data.
    • Responsibilities: Persistent storage of test data, data retrieval for reporting and analysis, data backup and recovery.
    • Security controls: Access control, encryption at rest, database hardening, regular backups, data integrity checks.
  • Element:
    • Name: Mobile Device Agent
    • Type: Application
    • Description: Agent application running on mobile devices (emulators or real devices) that receives test commands from the Test Orchestrator and executes them on the device.
    • Responsibilities: Receiving and executing test commands, interacting with the mobile application under test, capturing device logs and screenshots, sending results back to the orchestrator.
    • Security controls: Secure communication with Test Orchestrator, minimal permissions on the device, secure handling of test commands, logging.

DEPLOYMENT

Deployment Solution: Cloud-based Deployment (Example using AWS)

graph LR
    subgraph "AWS Cloud Environment"
        subgraph "VPC"
            subgraph "Public Subnet"
                LoadBalancer("Load Balancer")
                MaestroWebServerEC2("EC2 Instance - Maestro Web UI")
            end
            subgraph "Private Subnet"
                MaestroAPIServerEC2("EC2 Instance - Maestro API Server")
                TestOrchestratorEC2("EC2 Instance - Test Orchestrator")
                DatabaseRDS("RDS - Test Result Storage")
            end
        end
    end

    DeveloperWorkstation("Developer Workstation")
    QAWorkstation("QA Workstation")
    MobileDevicePool("Mobile Device Pool (Real Devices & Emulators)")

    DeveloperWorkstation --> MaestroCLI: Runs Maestro CLI
    QAWorkstation --> MaestroCLI: Runs Maestro CLI
    MaestroCLI --> LoadBalancer: Access Maestro Web UI/API
    LoadBalancer --> MaestroWebServerEC2: Routes Web UI traffic
    LoadBalancer --> MaestroAPIServerEC2: Routes API traffic
    MaestroAPIServerEC2 --> TestOrchestratorEC2: Schedules tests
    TestOrchestratorEC2 --> MobileDevicePool: Executes tests on devices
    TestOrchestratorEC2 --> DatabaseRDS: Stores test results

    style VPC fill:#eef,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style "Public Subnet" fill:#eee,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    style "Private Subnet" fill:#eee,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
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Deployment Diagram Elements:

  • Element:
    • Name: Developer Workstation
    • Type: Infrastructure
    • Description: Developer's local machine used for writing and running Maestro tests using Maestro CLI.
    • Responsibilities: Running Maestro CLI, interacting with Maestro Cloud services.
    • Security controls: Workstation security policies, endpoint protection, user authentication.
  • Element:
    • Name: QA Workstation
    • Type: Infrastructure
    • Description: QA engineer's local machine used for running and analyzing Maestro tests using Maestro CLI and Web UI.
    • Responsibilities: Running Maestro CLI, accessing Maestro Web UI, analyzing test results.
    • Security controls: Workstation security policies, endpoint protection, user authentication.
  • Element:
    • Name: AWS Cloud Environment
    • Type: Environment
    • Description: Cloud infrastructure on Amazon Web Services (AWS) hosting Maestro Cloud components.
    • Responsibilities: Providing infrastructure for Maestro services, ensuring availability and scalability.
    • Security controls: AWS security best practices, VPC configuration, security groups, IAM roles, encryption, monitoring.
  • Element:
    • Name: VPC
    • Type: Network Zone
    • Description: Virtual Private Cloud in AWS, isolating Maestro resources within a private network.
    • Responsibilities: Network isolation, security boundary, traffic routing.
    • Security controls: Network Access Control Lists (NACLs), Security Groups, subnet segmentation.
  • Element:
    • Name: Public Subnet
    • Type: Network Subnet
    • Description: Publicly accessible subnet within the VPC, hosting the Load Balancer and Web UI instances.
    • Responsibilities: Publicly facing access point for Maestro Web UI and API.
    • Security controls: Security Groups, internet gateway access control.
  • Element:
    • Name: Private Subnet
    • Type: Network Subnet
    • Description: Privately accessible subnet within the VPC, hosting backend services like API server, Test Orchestrator, and database.
    • Responsibilities: Hosting backend components, restricted access from the internet.
    • Security controls: Security Groups, no direct internet access, network isolation.
  • Element:
    • Name: Load Balancer
    • Type: Infrastructure Component
    • Description: AWS Elastic Load Balancer distributing traffic to Maestro Web UI and API server instances.
    • Responsibilities: Traffic distribution, high availability, SSL termination.
    • Security controls: SSL/TLS encryption, security groups, DDoS protection.
  • Element:
    • Name: EC2 Instance - Maestro Web UI
    • Type: Compute
    • Description: EC2 instance hosting the Maestro Web UI application.
    • Responsibilities: Serving the Web UI, handling user requests.
    • Security controls: Security Groups, OS hardening, application security controls.
  • Element:
    • Name: EC2 Instance - Maestro API Server
    • Type: Compute
    • Description: EC2 instance hosting the Maestro API Server application.
    • Responsibilities: Handling API requests, managing test execution, data access.
    • Security controls: Security Groups, OS hardening, application security controls, API security measures.
  • Element:
    • Name: EC2 Instance - Test Orchestrator
    • Type: Compute
    • Description: EC2 instance hosting the Test Orchestrator application.
    • Responsibilities: Scheduling tests, managing device agents, collecting results.
    • Security controls: Security Groups, OS hardening, application security controls, secure communication channels.
  • Element:
    • Name: RDS - Test Result Storage
    • Type: Data Store
    • Description: AWS Relational Database Service (RDS) instance used for storing test results.
    • Responsibilities: Persistent storage of test data, data management.
    • Security controls: Encryption at rest, access control, database security hardening, backups.
  • Element:
    • Name: Mobile Device Pool (Real Devices & Emulators)
    • Type: Infrastructure
    • Description: Pool of mobile devices (real devices and emulators) used for test execution. Managed separately or integrated with cloud device farms.
    • Responsibilities: Providing devices for test execution, device management.
    • Security controls: Device security policies, application sandboxing, network security, device isolation.

BUILD

Build Process: GitHub Actions based CI/CD

graph LR
    subgraph "Developer Workstation"
        DeveloperCode("Developer Code Changes")
    end

    subgraph "GitHub"
        GitHubRepo("GitHub Repository")
        GitHubActions("GitHub Actions CI/CD")
    end

    subgraph "Artifact Registry"
        ArtifactRegistry("Artifact Registry (e.g., Docker Hub, AWS ECR)")
    end

    DeveloperCode --> GitHubRepo: Push Code
    GitHubRepo --> GitHubActions: Triggered on Push/PR
    GitHubActions --> BuildProcess("Build Process (Compile, Test, Scan)")
    BuildProcess --> ArtifactRegistry: Publish Artifacts (e.g., Docker Images, Binaries)

    subgraph "Build Process Steps in GitHub Actions"
        CodeCheckout("Code Checkout")
        DependencyInstall("Dependency Install")
        UnitTests("Unit Tests")
        SASTScan("SAST Scan")
        BuildArtifacts("Build Artifacts")
        Containerize("Containerize (if applicable)")
        PublishArtifacts("Publish Artifacts")
    end

    GitHubActions --> CodeCheckout
    CodeCheckout --> DependencyInstall
    DependencyInstall --> UnitTests
    UnitTests --> SASTScan
    SASTScan --> BuildArtifacts
    BuildArtifacts --> Containerize
    Containerize --> PublishArtifacts
    PublishArtifacts --> ArtifactRegistry

    style GitHubActions fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style ArtifactRegistry fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    linkStyle 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px;
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Build Process Description:

The build process for Maestro is envisioned to be automated using GitHub Actions, triggered on code pushes or pull requests to the GitHub repository.

Build Process Steps:

  1. Code Checkout: GitHub Actions checks out the latest code from the repository.
  2. Dependency Install: Dependencies are installed using a dependency management tool (e.g., Maven, npm, pip, Go modules).
    • security control: Dependency scanning for known vulnerabilities during dependency installation. (Implemented in: DependencyInstall step, using SCA tools)
  3. Unit Tests: Unit tests are executed to ensure code quality and functionality.
    • security control: Unit tests provide basic code validation and help prevent regressions. (Implemented in: UnitTests step)
  4. SAST Scan: Static Application Security Testing (SAST) tools are used to scan the codebase for potential security vulnerabilities.
    • security control: SAST tools identify potential security flaws in the code before deployment. (Implemented in: SASTScan step, using SAST tools integrated into CI/CD)
  5. Build Artifacts: The codebase is compiled and packaged into build artifacts (e.g., JAR files, binaries, etc.).
    • security control: Code compilation process ensures code integrity and prevents tampering. (Implemented in: BuildArtifacts step, using compiler toolchain)
  6. Containerize (if applicable): If Maestro components are containerized (e.g., using Docker), Docker images are built.
    • security control: Base image selection and container image scanning for vulnerabilities. (Implemented in: Containerize step, using secure base images and container scanning tools)
  7. Publish Artifacts: Build artifacts (e.g., Docker images, binaries) are published to an artifact registry (e.g., Docker Hub, AWS ECR, GitHub Packages).
    • security control: Secure artifact registry with access control to protect build artifacts. (Implemented in: ArtifactRegistry, using registry access control policies)
    • security control: Signing of artifacts to ensure integrity and authenticity. (Recommended security control: Artifact signing during PublishArtifacts step)

RISK ASSESSMENT

Critical business processes we are trying to protect:

  • Mobile application development lifecycle: Maestro supports a critical part of the software development lifecycle by enabling UI testing. Disruption to Maestro can slow down development and release cycles.
  • Quality assurance process: Maestro is directly involved in ensuring the quality of mobile applications. Failures or inaccuracies in Maestro can lead to undetected bugs and impact application quality.
  • Brand reputation: If Maestro vulnerabilities lead to security breaches or data leaks in applications tested with it, it can negatively impact the brand reputation of the organizations using Maestro.

Data we are trying to protect and their sensitivity:

  • Test scripts: May contain sensitive information about application workflows and business logic. Sensitivity: Medium to High (depending on the application).
  • Test results and logs: Can contain screenshots and data from the application under test, potentially including Personally Identifiable Information (PII) or other sensitive data. Sensitivity: Medium to High (depending on the application and test data).
  • Configuration data: API keys, credentials, and settings for connecting to devices and services. Sensitivity: High.
  • Source code of Maestro: Contains intellectual property and potential vulnerabilities if exposed. Sensitivity: High.

QUESTIONS & ASSUMPTIONS

Questions:

  • What type of data will be processed and stored by Maestro? (e.g., PII, financial data, health data)
  • What are the compliance requirements for Maestro and the data it handles? (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA, PCI DSS)
  • What is the expected scale of usage for Maestro? (Number of users, tests, devices)
  • What are the performance and availability requirements for Maestro?
  • What existing security infrastructure and tools are already in place?
  • What is the organization's risk appetite for this project?

Assumptions:

  • Maestro will be used by development and QA teams within organizations to test their mobile applications.
  • Maestro will handle test scripts and test results, which may contain sensitive data depending on the application being tested.
  • Security is a significant concern for organizations using UI automation tools, especially for mobile applications that often handle sensitive user data.
  • Maestro will be deployed in a cloud environment for scalability and accessibility.
  • A CI/CD pipeline will be used to automate the build and deployment process for Maestro.
  • Standard security practices like authentication, authorization, input validation, and encryption are expected to be implemented.