Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
225 lines (209 loc) · 16.1 KB

attack-tree.md

File metadata and controls

225 lines (209 loc) · 16.1 KB

Attack Tree Analysis for square/okhttp

Objective: Compromise Application via OkHttp Vulnerabilities

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise Application via OkHttp Vulnerabilities
├───[OR]─ Exploit OkHttp Directly
│   ├───[OR]─ Network Layer Exploits [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   ├───[AND]─ TLS/SSL Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   ├─── Weak Cipher Suites & Protocol Downgrade [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   │   └─── Force connection to use vulnerable TLS version/cipher, enabling MitM [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   ├─── Certificate Validation Bypass [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   │   ├─── Misconfiguration (disabled validation) [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   │   │   └─── Application disables certificate validation, allowing MitM [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   └─── Server-Side TLS Vulnerabilities Exploited via OkHttp [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │       └─── OkHttp used to connect to vulnerable server, attacker exploits server-side TLS flaws [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   ├───[OR]─ Request/Response Handling Exploits [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   ├───[AND]─ Header Injection [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   │   └─── Manipulate HTTP headers in requests to inject malicious content or bypass security checks [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   ├───[AND]─ Body Manipulation (Request/Response) [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   │   ├─── Request Body Injection [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   │   │   └─── Inject malicious data into request body if application doesn't properly sanitize input [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   │   └─── Response Body Manipulation (via MitM or server compromise) [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   │       └─── Modify response body content if attacker gains MitM position or compromises server [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   ├───[AND]─ Cookie Manipulation/Theft [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   │   ├─── Cookie Injection/Modification [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   │   │   └─── Inject or modify cookies via header injection or MitM to hijack sessions [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   ├───[OR]─ Code Vulnerabilities in OkHttp Library
│   │   │   ├───[AND]─ Dependency Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   │   └─── Exploit vulnerabilities in libraries OkHttp depends on (e.g., Conscrypt for TLS) [CRITICAL NODE]
├───[OR]─ Exploit Misconfiguration/Insecure Usage of OkHttp [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   ├───[OR]─ Insecure TLS Configuration [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   ├───[AND]─ Disabling Certificate Validation [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   └─── Application disables certificate validation, allowing MitM attacks [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   ├───[AND]─ Weak Cipher Suites/Protocols [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   └─── Application configures OkHttp to use weak TLS settings, increasing vulnerability to downgrade attacks [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   ├───[AND]─ Ignoring TLS Errors [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   └─── Application ignores TLS errors reported by OkHttp, potentially masking MitM attacks [CRITICAL NODE]
│   ├───[OR]─ Insecure Cookie Handling [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   ├───[AND]─ Improper Cookie Scope/Attributes [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   └─── Application doesn't properly configure cookie scope/attributes, leading to cookie leakage or hijacking [CRITICAL NODE]
│   ├───[OR]─ Logging Sensitive Information [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   ├───[AND]─ Logging Request/Response Headers [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   └─── Application logs sensitive headers (e.g., Authorization, Cookie) exposing credentials [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   ├───[AND]─ Logging Request/Response Bodies [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   └─── Application logs sensitive data in request/response bodies, exposing confidential information [CRITICAL NODE]
│   ├───[OR]─ Lack of Input Validation/Sanitization (Related to OkHttp Usage) [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   ├───[AND]─ Unvalidated URLs [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   └─── Application uses user-controlled input to construct URLs for OkHttp requests without validation, leading to SSRF or open redirects [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   ├───[AND]─ Unsafe Header Construction [HIGH RISK PATH]
│   │   │   └─── Application constructs HTTP headers based on user input without proper sanitization, leading to header injection [CRITICAL NODE]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Network Layer Exploits -> TLS/SSL Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH]:

Attack Vectors:

  • Weak Cipher Suites & Protocol Downgrade [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Description: Forcing OkHttp to negotiate weak cipher suites or older TLS protocols (e.g., TLS 1.0, SSLv3) if the server supports them, enabling Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks.
    • Likelihood: Medium
    • Impact: High
    • Effort: Medium
    • Skill Level: Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Actionable Insights:
      • Ensure the application and server are configured to use strong cipher suites and the latest TLS protocols (TLS 1.2 or higher).
      • Disable support for older, vulnerable protocols.
      • Regularly update OkHttp and underlying TLS libraries.
  • Certificate Validation Bypass [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Misconfiguration (disabled validation) [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Description: Developers mistakenly disable certificate validation in OkHttp, completely removing TLS security and allowing trivial MitM attacks.
      • Likelihood: Low
      • Impact: Critical
      • Effort: Very Low
      • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
      • Detection Difficulty: Very Easy
      • Actionable Insights:
        • Never disable certificate validation in production.
        • Ensure proper certificate pinning is implemented for critical connections if necessary, but understand the operational complexities.
    • Server-Side TLS Vulnerabilities Exploited via OkHttp [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Description: OkHttp is used to connect to a vulnerable server. The attacker exploits vulnerabilities on the server-side TLS implementation.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Actionable Insights:
        • Regularly assess and patch server-side TLS configurations and software.
        • Ensure servers are configured with strong TLS settings.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Request/Response Handling Exploits [HIGH RISK PATH]:

Attack Vectors:

  • Header Injection [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Manipulate HTTP headers in requests to inject malicious content or bypass security checks [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Description: Manipulating HTTP headers in requests sent by OkHttp to inject malicious headers or bypass security checks on the server.
    • Likelihood: Medium
    • Impact: Medium
    • Effort: Low
    • Skill Level: Beginner
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Actionable Insights:
      • Sanitize and validate all input used to construct HTTP headers.
      • Avoid directly using user-controlled input in headers without proper encoding and validation.
  • Body Manipulation (Request/Response) [HIGH RISK PATH]:
    • Request Body Injection [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Inject malicious data into request body if application doesn't properly sanitize input [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Description: Injecting malicious data into the request body sent by OkHttp if the application doesn't properly sanitize input.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Medium
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Beginner
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Actionable Insights:
        • Sanitize and validate all input before including it in request bodies.
        • Use appropriate encoding (e.g., JSON, XML) and validation schemas.
    • Response Body Manipulation (via MitM or server compromise) [CRITICAL NODE] -> Modify response body content if attacker gains MitM position or compromises server [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Description: Modifying the response body content if an attacker achieves a MitM position or compromises the server.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Actionable Insights:
        • Use HTTPS for all sensitive communications to prevent MitM attacks.
        • Implement integrity checks on critical response data if possible.
  • Cookie Manipulation/Theft [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Cookie Injection/Modification [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Inject or modify cookies via header injection or MitM to hijack sessions [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Description: Injecting or modifying cookies via header injection or MitM attacks to hijack user sessions or manipulate application state.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Medium
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Beginner
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Actionable Insights:
        • Use HttpOnly and Secure flags for cookies.
        • Implement proper session management and validation on the server-side.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Code Vulnerabilities in OkHttp Library -> Dependency Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE] -> Exploit vulnerabilities in libraries OkHttp depends on (e.g., Conscrypt for TLS) [CRITICAL NODE]:

Attack Vectors:

  • Dependency Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Description: Exploiting vulnerabilities in libraries OkHttp depends on (e.g., Conscrypt for TLS).
    • Likelihood: Medium
    • Impact: Varies (2-5)
    • Effort: Low
    • Skill Level: Beginner
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Actionable Insights:
      • Regularly audit and update OkHttp's dependencies.
      • Use dependency scanning tools to identify known vulnerabilities in dependencies.

Attack Tree Path: 4. Exploit Misconfiguration/Insecure Usage of OkHttp [HIGH RISK PATH]:

  • This entire branch is considered a High-Risk Path due to the prevalence and ease of exploitation of misconfigurations.

    • Insecure TLS Configuration [HIGH RISK PATH]:

      • Disabling Certificate Validation [CRITICAL NODE] -> Application disables certificate validation, allowing MitM attacks [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Description: Application disables certificate validation in OkHttp, allowing MitM attacks.
        • Likelihood: Low
        • Impact: Critical
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
        • Detection Difficulty: Very Easy
        • Actionable Insights: Never disable certificate validation in production.
      • Weak Cipher Suites/Protocols [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Application configures OkHttp to use weak TLS settings, increasing vulnerability to downgrade attacks [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Description: Application configures OkHttp to use weak TLS settings, increasing vulnerability to downgrade attacks.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Medium
        • Skill Level: Intermediate
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
        • Actionable Insights: Use strong cipher suites and the latest TLS protocols.
      • Ignoring TLS Errors [CRITICAL NODE] -> Application ignores TLS errors reported by OkHttp, potentially masking MitM attacks [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Description: Application ignores TLS errors reported by OkHttp, potentially masking MitM attacks.
        • Likelihood: Low
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy
        • Actionable Insights: Properly handle TLS errors reported by OkHttp and fail securely if validation fails.

    • Insecure Cookie Handling [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Improper Cookie Scope/Attributes [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Application doesn't properly configure cookie scope/attributes, leading to cookie leakage or hijacking [CRITICAL NODE]:

      • Description: Application doesn't properly configure cookie scope/attributes, leading to cookie leakage or hijacking.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Medium
      • Effort: Very Low
      • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
      • Detection Difficulty: Easy
      • Actionable Insights: Properly configure cookie scope and attributes. Use HttpOnly and Secure flags.

    • Logging Sensitive Information [HIGH RISK PATH]:

      • Logging Request/Response Headers [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Application logs sensitive headers (e.g., Authorization, Cookie) exposing credentials [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Description: Application logs sensitive headers (e.g., Authorization, Cookie) exposing credentials.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: Medium
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy
        • Actionable Insights: Avoid logging sensitive information in request/response headers.
      • Logging Request/Response Bodies [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Application logs sensitive data in request/response bodies, exposing confidential information [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Description: Application logs sensitive data in request/response bodies, exposing confidential information.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy
        • Actionable Insights: Avoid logging sensitive data in request/response bodies.

    • Lack of Input Validation/Sanitization (Related to OkHttp Usage) [HIGH RISK PATH]:

      • Unvalidated URLs [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Application uses user-controlled input to construct URLs for OkHttp requests without validation, leading to SSRF or open redirects [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Description: Application uses user-controlled input to construct URLs for OkHttp requests without validation, leading to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) or open redirects.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Beginner
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
        • Actionable Insights: Validate and sanitize all user input before using it to construct URLs for OkHttp requests.
      • Unsafe Header Construction [HIGH RISK PATH] -> Application constructs HTTP headers based on user input without proper sanitization, leading to header injection [CRITICAL NODE]:
        • Description: Application constructs HTTP headers based on user input without proper sanitization, leading to header injection vulnerabilities.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: Medium
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Beginner
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
        • Actionable Insights: Validate and sanitize all user input before using it to construct HTTP headers for OkHttp requests.