Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
165 lines (148 loc) · 8.59 KB

attack-tree.md

File metadata and controls

165 lines (148 loc) · 8.59 KB

Attack Tree Analysis for apache/incubator-apisix

Objective: Gain Unauthorized Access, Exfiltrate Data, or Disrupt Service (via Apache APISIX)

Attack Tree Visualization

                                 Attacker's Goal:
                                 Gain Unauthorized Access, Exfiltrate Data, or Disrupt Service
                                 (via Apache APISIX)
                                            |
      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      |                                               |
  1. Exploit Configuration Weaknesses 2. Exploit Software Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK] [HIGH-RISK] | |

| | | | 1.1 Default Credentials 1.2 Misconfigured 2.1 Known CVEs 2.3 Dependency [CRITICAL] [HIGH-RISK] (Unpatched) Vulnerabilities | | [CRITICAL] | | | | | 1.1.1 Use Default 1.2.1 Expose Admin 2.1.1 Identify 2.3.1 Identify etcd Credentials API Unprotected Vulnerable Vulnerable [CRITICAL] [CRITICAL] Version Dependencies | | (e.g., /apisix/ [CRITICAL] | admin/routes) 1.1.2 Use Default 1.2.2 Overly APISIX Admin API Permissive Route Credentials Matching [CRITICAL] [HIGH-RISK] | | (e.g., wildcard

1.1.3 Use Default 1.2.4 Insufficient Control Plane Rate Limiting Credentials [HIGH-RISK] [CRITICAL] 1.2.5 Lack of Input Validation on Plugin Config [HIGH-RISK] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 3. Leverage Plugin/Extension Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK] |

| | 3.1 Vulnerable Custom Plugin 3.2 Vulnerable Community Plugin [HIGH-RISK] | | | 3.1.1 Code Injection in 3.2.1 Known Vulnerability in Custom Plugin Logic Community Plugin [HIGH-RISK] [HIGH-RISK]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Configuration Weaknesses [HIGH-RISK]

  • Overall Description: This branch represents the most common and often easiest attack vector. Misconfigurations in APISIX can expose sensitive data, allow unauthorized access, or lead to service disruption.

    • 1.1 Default Credentials [CRITICAL]

      • Description: APISIX, like many systems, may have default credentials for its components (etcd, Admin API, control plane). If these are not changed, an attacker can gain immediate control.
      • 1.1.1 Use Default etcd Credentials [CRITICAL]
        • Likelihood: High
        • Impact: Very High
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy
      • 1.1.2 Use Default APISIX Admin API Credentials [CRITICAL]
        • Likelihood: High
        • Impact: Very High
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy
      • 1.1.3 Use Default Control Plane Credentials [CRITICAL]
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy

    • 1.2 Misconfigured Routes/Plugins [HIGH-RISK]

      • Description: Incorrectly configured routes and plugins can lead to unintended exposure of backend services or vulnerabilities.
      • 1.2.1 Expose Admin API Unprotected [CRITICAL]
        • Description: The /apisix/admin/* routes provide administrative access. If exposed without proper authentication, an attacker can reconfigure the entire gateway.
        • Likelihood: High
        • Impact: Very High
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy
      • 1.2.2 Overly Permissive Route Matching [HIGH-RISK]
        • Description: Using overly broad wildcard routes (e.g., /*) can unintentionally expose backend services that should be protected.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Beginner
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • 1.2.4 Insufficient Rate Limiting [HIGH-RISK]
        • Description: Lack of rate limiting on sensitive routes (especially the Admin API) allows for brute-force attacks or denial-of-service.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: Medium
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Beginner
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • 1.2.5 Lack of Input Validation on Plugin Config [HIGH-RISK]
        • Description: If plugin configurations are not properly validated, an attacker might be able to inject malicious code or parameters, leading to various attacks.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Medium
        • Skill Level: Intermediate
        • Detection Difficulty: Hard

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Software Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK]

  • Overall Description: This branch involves exploiting bugs in the APISIX core code or its dependencies.

    • 2.1 Known CVEs (Unpatched) [CRITICAL]

      • Description: Publicly disclosed vulnerabilities. If APISIX is not patched, attackers can use readily available exploits.
      • 2.1.1 Identify Vulnerable Version [CRITICAL]
        • Description: Determine the APISIX version running (e.g., via HTTP headers, error messages).
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy
      • 2.1.2 Exploit Known CVE (e.g., RCE, DoS, Auth Bypass) [CRITICAL]
        • Description: Use a tool like Metasploit or a custom script to exploit a known vulnerability.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Beginner
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium

    • 2.3 Dependency Vulnerabilities

      • Description: APISIX relies on external libraries. Vulnerabilities in these dependencies can be exploited.
      • 2.3.1 Identify Vulnerable Dependencies
        • Description: Analyze the dependencies used by APISIX to find known vulnerabilities.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Medium
        • Skill Level: Intermediate
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 3. Leverage Plugin/Extension Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK]

  • Overall Description: APISIX's extensibility via plugins is a powerful feature, but also a potential attack vector.

    • 3.1 Vulnerable Custom Plugin [HIGH-RISK]

      • Description: If the organization develops its own plugins, these might contain vulnerabilities.
      • 3.1.1 Code Injection in Custom Plugin Logic [HIGH-RISK]
        • Description: Flaws in the custom plugin code that allow an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Medium
        • Skill Level: Intermediate
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium

    • 3.2 Vulnerable Community Plugin

      • Description: Plugins from the community might not be as thoroughly vetted as the core APISIX code.
      • 3.2.1 Known Vulnerability in Community Plugin [HIGH-RISK]
        • Description: Exploiting a publicly known vulnerability in a community-developed plugin.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High
        • Effort: Medium
        • Skill Level: Intermediate
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium