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Attack Tree Analysis for ccgus/fmdb

Objective: Compromise Application Data and/or Functionality via FMDB Exploitation (High-Risk Paths Only)

Attack Tree Visualization

Root Goal: [CRITICAL NODE] Compromise Application Data and/or Functionality via FMDB Exploitation [HIGH-RISK PATH]
├───[OR]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit SQL Injection Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   └───[OR]─  [CRITICAL NODE] Unsanitized User Input in SQL Queries [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│       └───[AND]─ Input Not Properly Sanitized/Parameterized
│   └───[AND]─ Execute Malicious SQL Queries
│       ├───[OR]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Data Exfiltration [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│       │   └───[AND]─  Queries Designed to Extract Sensitive Data
│       └───[OR]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Data Modification/Deletion [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│           └───[AND]─  Queries Designed to Modify or Delete Data
├───[OR]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Insecure Database File Handling [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   └───[AND]─ Access Database File Directly
│       ├───[OR]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Insecure File Permissions [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│       │   └───[AND]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Database File Stored with World-Readable or Group-Readable Permissions [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│       └───[AND]─ Read/Modify Database File
│       ├───[OR]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Data Exfiltration (Direct File Access) [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│       └───[OR]─ [CRITICAL NODE] Data Modification (Direct File Access) [HIGH-RISK PATH]

Attack Tree Path: Root Goal: Compromise Application Data and/or Functionality via FMDB Exploitation

  • Attack Vector: This is the overarching goal. Attackers aim to leverage weaknesses in how the application uses FMDB to gain unauthorized access to data or disrupt application functionality.
  • Impact: Catastrophic - Full compromise of application, data breach, data loss, application downtime, reputational damage.
  • Mitigation Focus: Address all underlying high-risk paths to prevent achieving this root goal.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit SQL Injection Vulnerabilities

  • Attack Vector: Attackers inject malicious SQL code into application queries executed via FMDB. This is possible when user-provided input is directly incorporated into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization.
  • Impact: Critical - Data breach, data modification, data deletion, application logic bypass, potential for further system compromise.
  • Mitigation:
    • Mandatory Parameterized Queries: Always use parameterized queries provided by FMDB for all SQL operations involving user input. This is the primary and most effective defense.
    • Input Validation (Defense in Depth): Implement input validation to restrict the type and format of user input, reducing the attack surface.
    • Principle of Least Privilege (Database): Grant minimal database permissions to the application's database user.

Attack Tree Path: Unsanitized User Input in SQL Queries

  • Attack Vector: This is the root cause of SQL Injection. Developers fail to sanitize or parameterize user input before using it in SQL queries constructed with FMDB.
  • Impact: N/A - This is a vulnerability condition that leads to SQL Injection.
  • Mitigation:
    • Code Review and Training: Educate developers on SQL Injection risks and secure coding practices. Conduct thorough code reviews to identify and fix instances of unsanitized input in SQL queries.
    • Static Analysis Tools: Utilize static analysis tools to automatically detect potential SQL injection vulnerabilities in the codebase.

Attack Tree Path: Data Exfiltration (via SQL Injection)

  • Attack Vector: Successful SQL Injection is used to execute queries designed to extract sensitive data from the database.
  • Impact: Critical - Data breach, loss of confidentiality, regulatory compliance violations.
  • Mitigation:
    • Prevent SQL Injection (Primary): Effectively mitigating SQL Injection vulnerabilities is the primary defense against data exfiltration via this vector.
    • Data Loss Prevention (DLP) Monitoring: Implement monitoring systems to detect and alert on unusual database activity or large data transfers that could indicate data exfiltration.
    • Minimize Stored Sensitive Data: Reduce the amount of sensitive data stored in the database if possible, or implement data masking/tokenization techniques.

Attack Tree Path: Data Modification/Deletion (via SQL Injection)

  • Attack Vector: Successful SQL Injection is used to execute queries designed to modify or delete data in the database, leading to data integrity issues or application malfunction.
  • Impact: Significant to Critical - Data corruption, data loss, application instability, denial of service, business disruption.
  • Mitigation:
    • Prevent SQL Injection (Primary): Effectively mitigating SQL Injection vulnerabilities is the primary defense against data modification/deletion via this vector.
    • Data Integrity Monitoring: Implement mechanisms to detect unauthorized data modifications or deletions. Use database triggers, checksums, or audit logs to track changes.
    • Regular Backups and Recovery Plan: Maintain regular database backups and have a robust recovery plan to restore data in case of malicious modification or deletion.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Insecure Database File Handling

  • Attack Vector: Attackers gain direct access to the SQLite database file on the file system due to misconfigurations or vulnerabilities, bypassing the application and FMDB layer.
  • Impact: Critical - Direct access to all database data, potential for data breach, data modification, data deletion, and complete compromise of database contents.
  • Mitigation:
    • Secure File Permissions: Implement strict file permissions on the SQLite database file. Ensure it is only readable and writable by the application's user/process. Avoid world-readable or group-readable permissions.
    • Restrict File System Access: Limit access to the file system where the database is stored.
    • Database File Location Obfuscation (Secondary): Store the database file in a non-predictable location, although this should not be relied upon as a primary security measure.

Attack Tree Path: Insecure File Permissions

  • Attack Vector: The SQLite database file is configured with overly permissive file permissions, allowing unauthorized users or processes to access it directly.
  • Impact: N/A - This is a configuration vulnerability that leads to Insecure Database File Handling.
  • Mitigation:
    • Automated Permission Checks: Implement automated scripts or tools to regularly check and enforce correct file permissions on the database file.
    • Secure Deployment Practices: Establish secure deployment procedures that include setting correct file permissions as a standard step.

Attack Tree Path: Database File Stored with World-Readable or Group-Readable Permissions

  • Attack Vector: Specifically, the database file is configured to be readable by "world" (all users) or a broad "group" of users, making it easily accessible to attackers who gain access to the system.
  • Impact: N/A - This is a specific instance of Insecure File Permissions.
  • Mitigation:
    • Principle of Least Privilege (File System): Apply the principle of least privilege to file permissions. Grant only the necessary access to the application's user/process.
    • Regular Permission Audits: Conduct regular audits of file permissions, specifically for the database file, to identify and correct overly permissive settings.

Attack Tree Path: Data Exfiltration (Direct File Access)

  • Attack Vector: Attackers who have gained direct access to the database file (due to insecure file handling) copy the file to exfiltrate its contents.
  • Impact: Critical - Data breach, loss of confidentiality, regulatory compliance violations.
  • Mitigation:
    • Prevent Insecure File Handling (Primary): Effectively securing database file handling is the primary defense against data exfiltration via direct file access.
    • File Access Monitoring: Monitor file access logs for unusual access patterns to the database file.
    • Encryption at Rest (Advanced): Consider encrypting the database file at rest. This adds a layer of protection even if the file is accessed directly, as the attacker would need the decryption key.

Attack Tree Path: Data Modification (Direct File Access)

  • Attack Vector: Attackers who have gained direct access to the database file modify the file contents directly, potentially corrupting data or injecting malicious data. This requires knowledge of the SQLite file format.
  • Impact: Significant to Critical - Data corruption, data loss, application instability, potential for backdoors or malicious data injection.
  • Mitigation:
    • Prevent Insecure File Handling (Primary): Effectively securing database file handling is the primary defense against data modification via direct file access.
    • Data Integrity Monitoring: Implement mechanisms to detect unauthorized data modifications. Use database triggers, checksums, or file integrity monitoring tools.
    • Regular Backups and Recovery Plan: Maintain regular database backups and have a robust recovery plan to restore data in case of malicious modification.