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Threat Model Analysis for coollabsio/coolify

Threat: Service Account Spoofing (Internal Coolify Components)

  • Description: An attacker intercepts or guesses credentials used for communication between Coolify internal components (e.g., control panel to agent, agent to database). They then impersonate a legitimate component to gain unauthorized access or manipulate operations. For example, spoofing an agent to deploy malicious code or spoofing the control panel to retrieve sensitive data from an agent.
  • Impact: Unauthorized access to internal Coolify services, data breaches, manipulation of deployments, denial of service, elevation of privilege within Coolify.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Internal communication channels between Control Panel, Agents, Database services, potentially API endpoints.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Implement strong authentication mechanisms for inter-service communication (API keys, mutual TLS, service accounts with strong passwords).
    • Regularly rotate internal service credentials.
    • Encrypt inter-service communication channels (TLS/SSL).
    • Implement network segmentation to isolate internal Coolify components.

Threat: Deployment Configuration Tampering

  • Description: An attacker with unauthorized access to Coolify modifies application deployment configurations. This could involve changing environment variables, build commands, resource limits, or even injecting malicious code into deployment scripts.
  • Impact: Deployment of compromised applications, data breaches through modified configurations (e.g., database connection strings), denial of service through resource manipulation, application malfunction.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Deployment Management Module, Configuration Storage, User Interface for configuration editing.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Implement robust Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) within Coolify, ensuring least privilege.
    • Implement input validation and sanitization for all deployment configuration inputs.
    • Maintain audit logs of all configuration changes, including who made the change and when.
    • Consider using infrastructure-as-code principles and version control for deployment configurations.

Threat: Build Process Tampering

  • Description: An attacker compromises the build process within Coolify. This could involve injecting malicious code into build scripts, modifying dependencies, or replacing build artifacts with malicious ones. This could be achieved by compromising the build environment or exploiting vulnerabilities in Coolify's build system.
  • Impact: Supply chain attacks, deployment of backdoored applications, widespread compromise of applications deployed through Coolify.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Build System, Build Environments (Containers/VMs), Dependency Management, Image Registry integration.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Use secure and isolated build environments (containerized builds are recommended).
    • Implement verification of build dependencies and base images (checksums, signatures).
    • Implement code signing and integrity checks for build artifacts.
    • Regularly scan build environments and processes for vulnerabilities.
    • Minimize external dependencies in the build process.

Threat: Database Configuration Tampering

  • Description: An attacker with unauthorized access to Coolify modifies database configurations managed by the platform. This could include changing access controls, connection parameters, backup settings, or even deleting databases.
  • Impact: Data breaches, data corruption or loss, denial of service to databases, unauthorized access to sensitive data.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Database Management Module, Configuration Storage, User Interface for database management.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Securely store and manage database credentials (secrets management).
    • Implement strict access control to database configuration settings within Coolify (RBAC).
    • Regularly backup database configurations and verify their integrity.
    • Apply the principle of least privilege for database access, even within Coolify.

Threat: Exposure of Sensitive Configuration Data

  • Description: Coolify inadvertently exposes sensitive configuration data such as API keys, database credentials, SSL certificates, or environment variables. This could happen through insecure storage, logging, error messages, or insufficient access controls.
  • Impact: Data breaches, unauthorized access to external services, compromise of deployed applications, elevation of privilege.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Configuration Storage, Logging System, Error Handling, User Interface (if displaying sensitive data), Backup System.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Securely store sensitive data using encryption at rest and in transit.
    • Utilize secrets management solutions (e.g., HashiCorp Vault, Kubernetes Secrets) for managing sensitive credentials.
    • Apply the principle of least privilege for access to sensitive configuration data.
    • Regularly scan for exposed sensitive information in logs, configurations, and backups.

Threat: Unprotected Backups

  • Description: Coolify backup mechanisms are not properly secured, leading to backups being accessible to unauthorized individuals. Backups may contain sensitive configurations, databases, and application data.
  • Impact: Data breaches from backup data, unauthorized access to sensitive information, potential for data manipulation if backups are tampered with.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Backup System, Backup Storage, Configuration Management (backup settings).
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Encrypt backups at rest and in transit.
    • Store backups in secure locations with restricted access (separate storage, access controls).
    • Regularly test backup and restore procedures to ensure integrity and security.
    • Implement access control for backup management within Coolify.

Threat: Resource Exhaustion of Coolify Control Panel

  • Description: An attacker floods the Coolify control panel with requests, consumes excessive resources (CPU, memory, network bandwidth), or exploits vulnerabilities to crash the control panel service, making it unavailable to legitimate users.
  • Impact: Inability to manage deployed applications, disruption of deployment processes, potential downtime for applications if management is required, reputational damage.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Control Panel Service, API Endpoints, User Interface.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Implement rate limiting and request throttling for the control panel API and UI.
    • Implement resource monitoring and alerting for the control panel infrastructure.
    • Properly allocate and scale resources for the control panel infrastructure to handle expected load.
    • Regularly security test the control panel for DoS vulnerabilities.
    • Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to filter malicious traffic.

Threat: Resource Exhaustion of Deployed Applications via Coolify

  • Description: An attacker leverages Coolify features or misconfigurations to launch DoS attacks against applications deployed through the platform. This could involve exploiting vulnerabilities in the reverse proxy, misconfiguring resource limits, or abusing deployment processes to overload applications.
  • Impact: Downtime for deployed applications, service disruption, financial losses, reputational damage.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Reverse Proxy, Resource Management Module, Deployment Processes, potentially Application Runtime Environment configuration.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Implement proper resource limits and quotas for deployed applications within Coolify.
    • Securely configure the reverse proxy with rate limiting, connection limits, and other DoS prevention measures.
    • Regularly audit Coolify's resource management and deployment processes for potential DoS vulnerabilities.
    • Implement monitoring and alerting for application resource usage.

Threat: Exploitation of Coolify Vulnerabilities for DoS

  • Description: An attacker exploits vulnerabilities within Coolify's code, dependencies, or configurations to cause a denial of service. This could involve crashing services, consuming excessive resources, or disrupting platform operations by exploiting software bugs or misconfigurations.
  • Impact: Platform unavailability, disruption of application deployments and management, potential data loss or corruption if services crash unexpectedly.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Core Coolify Services, Dependencies, Configuration Management, potentially all modules depending on the vulnerability.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Regularly apply security patches and updates for Coolify and its dependencies.
    • Conduct security vulnerability scanning and penetration testing of Coolify.
    • Implement robust error handling and fault tolerance within Coolify to prevent crashes.
    • Follow secure coding practices during Coolify development.

Threat: Privilege Escalation within Coolify

  • Description: An attacker with limited access to Coolify (e.g., a regular user) exploits vulnerabilities to gain higher privileges, such as administrator access. This could be achieved through bugs in access control mechanisms, user management, or API endpoints.
  • Impact: Full control of the Coolify platform, ability to manage all applications and databases, potential for data breaches, deployment of malicious applications, denial of service, and further attacks on underlying infrastructure.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Access Control Module (RBAC), User Management, API Endpoints, Authentication and Authorization mechanisms.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Strictly adhere to the principle of least privilege for user roles and permissions within Coolify.
    • Regularly audit access control mechanisms for weaknesses and misconfigurations.
    • Implement robust input validation and sanitization to prevent injection attacks that could lead to privilege escalation.
    • Conduct security testing specifically for privilege escalation vulnerabilities.

Threat: Container Escape from Deployed Applications

  • Description: An attacker exploits vulnerabilities in the container runtime environment or insecure container configurations to escape the containerized environment of a deployed application and gain access to the underlying Coolify host system.
  • Impact: Compromise of the Coolify host system, potential control over Coolify itself, access to other containers and data on the host, elevation of privilege to the host system level.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Container Runtime Environment (Docker, etc.), Container Configuration, Application Deployment Module.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Use secure container configurations and runtime environments.
    • Regularly update the container runtime environment with security patches.
    • Apply the principle of least privilege for containerized applications, limiting capabilities and access.
    • Implement security monitoring for container escape attempts.
    • Consider using security profiles like AppArmor or SELinux to further restrict container capabilities.

Threat: Agent Compromise Leading to Host Access

  • Description: An attacker compromises a Coolify agent running on a target server. This could be achieved through vulnerabilities in the agent software, insecure communication channels, or weak agent authentication. Once compromised, the attacker can control the server and potentially pivot to the Coolify control panel or other connected systems.
  • Impact: Control of target servers, potential access to sensitive data on those servers, ability to deploy malicious applications, potential pivot to the Coolify control panel and wider infrastructure compromise.
  • Affected Coolify Component: Coolify Agent, Agent Communication Channels, Agent Authentication, Deployment Module.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Secure communication channels between the Coolify control panel and agents using encryption and strong authentication (e.g., mutual TLS).
    • Regularly update and harden Coolify agents with security patches and best practices.
    • Apply the principle of least privilege for agent permissions on target servers, limiting access to only necessary resources.
    • Implement network segmentation to limit the impact of agent compromise and prevent lateral movement.
    • Monitor agent activity for suspicious behavior.