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Attack Tree Analysis for coollabsio/coolify

Objective: Gain Unauthorized Control over Applications/Infrastructure Managed by Coolify

Attack Tree Visualization

Goal: Gain Unauthorized Control over Applications/Infrastructure Managed by Coolify ├── 1. Compromise Coolify Instance [HIGH RISK] │ ├── 1.1 Exploit Vulnerabilities in Coolify's Codebase [HIGH RISK] │ │ ├── 1.1.1 Dependency Vulnerabilities (Supply Chain Attacks) [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ └── 1.1.1.1 Outdated/Vulnerable Node.js Packages (e.g., in package.json) [CRITICAL] │ │ ├── 1.1.2 Logic Flaws in Coolify's Core Functionality │ │ │ ├── 1.1.2.1 Improper Access Control to API Endpoints (Authorization Bypass) [CRITICAL] │ │ │ └── 1.1.2.2 Insecure Handling of Secrets/Credentials [CRITICAL] │ └── 1.3 Social Engineering / Phishing of Coolify Administrators [HIGH RISK] │ └── 1.3.1 Tricking Admins into Revealing Credentials [CRITICAL] ├── 2. Abuse Coolify's Features (Legitimate Functionality) [HIGH RISK] │ ├── 2.1 Deploy Malicious Applications [HIGH RISK] │ ├── 2.2 Manipulate Existing Application Configurations [HIGH RISK] │ └── 2.3 Exfiltrate Data [HIGH RISK]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Compromise Coolify Instance [HIGH RISK]

  • Overall Description: This is the primary attack vector, aiming to gain control over the Coolify instance itself. Success here grants the attacker control over all applications and infrastructure managed by Coolify.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1 Exploit Vulnerabilities in Coolify's Codebase [HIGH RISK]

  • Overall Description: This involves finding and exploiting vulnerabilities within the Coolify application's source code or its dependencies.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1 Dependency Vulnerabilities (Supply Chain Attacks) [HIGH RISK]

  • Overall Description: Exploiting known vulnerabilities in third-party libraries or packages used by Coolify.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1.1 Outdated/Vulnerable Node.js Packages (e.g., in package.json) [CRITICAL]

  • Description: Attackers scan for outdated Node.js packages listed in package.json that have known vulnerabilities (CVEs). They then exploit these vulnerabilities to gain code execution within the Coolify instance. * Likelihood: High * Impact: High * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Low * Detection Difficulty: Medium (with dependency scanning), High (without)

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.2 Logic Flaws in Coolify's Core Functionality

  • Overall Description: Exploiting flaws in the design or implementation of Coolify's core features.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.2.1 Improper Access Control to API Endpoints (Authorization Bypass) [CRITICAL]

  • Description: Bypassing authentication or authorization checks to access Coolify's API endpoints without proper credentials or permissions. This could involve exploiting insufficient role-based access control (RBAC) or missing permission checks. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Very High * Effort: Medium * Skill Level: Medium * Detection Difficulty: High (without proper auditing)

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.2.2 Insecure Handling of Secrets/Credentials [CRITICAL]

  • Description: Exploiting weaknesses in how Coolify stores, manages, or transmits secrets (API keys, passwords, etc.). This could involve finding hardcoded secrets, accessing unencrypted secrets, or intercepting secrets in transit. * Likelihood: Low to Medium (depending on specific implementation flaws) * Impact: Very High * Effort: Very Low to Medium (depending on the vulnerability) * Skill Level: Very Low to Medium (depending on the vulnerability) * Detection Difficulty: Low to High (depending on the vulnerability and logging)

Attack Tree Path: 1.3 Social Engineering / Phishing of Coolify Administrators [HIGH RISK]

  • Overall Description: Tricking Coolify administrators into revealing their credentials or performing actions that compromise the system.

Attack Tree Path: 1.3.1 Tricking Admins into Revealing Credentials [CRITICAL]

  • Description: Using phishing emails, fake login pages, or other social engineering techniques to trick administrators into providing their usernames and passwords. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Very High * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Low to Medium * Detection Difficulty: High (unless admins report it)

Attack Tree Path: 2. Abuse Coolify's Features (Legitimate Functionality) [HIGH RISK]

  • Overall Description: This involves using Coolify's intended features in a malicious way, often after gaining access through other means (e.g., compromised credentials).

Attack Tree Path: 2.1 Deploy Malicious Applications [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: Using Coolify to deploy applications containing malicious code. This could involve using compromised Git repositories, injecting malicious code into existing builds, or creating and deploying malicious Docker images. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High * Effort: Medium * Skill Level: Medium * Detection Difficulty: Medium (with appropriate scanning and monitoring)

Attack Tree Path: 2.2 Manipulate Existing Application Configurations [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: Modifying the configurations of applications managed by Coolify to expose data, redirect traffic, or disable security features. This could involve changing environment variables, network settings, or security configurations. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Low * Detection Difficulty: Medium (with configuration auditing)

Attack Tree Path: 2.3 Exfiltrate Data [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: Using Coolify's access to applications and infrastructure to steal sensitive data. This could involve accessing logs and databases through the Coolify interface, deploying data exfiltration tools, or leveraging access to connected resources. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Low * Detection Difficulty: Medium (with access logging and monitoring)