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Attack Tree Analysis for filamentphp/filament

Objective: To compromise the FilamentPHP application and gain unauthorized access, control, or data exfiltration by exploiting vulnerabilities specific to FilamentPHP.

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise FilamentPHP Application **[CRITICAL NODE - ROOT GOAL]**
├───[+] Exploit Authentication and Authorization Weaknesses **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   ├───[-] Brute-force Login Credentials
│   │   └───[!] Weak Password Policy in Filament Configuration **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   ├───[-] Authorization Bypass **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   │   ├───[!] Insecure Resource Policies in Filament **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   ├───[!] Role/Permission Misconfiguration in Filament **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   └───[!] IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference) in Filament resource access **[CRITICAL NODE]**
├───[+] Exploit Data Handling and CRUD Operations Vulnerabilities **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   ├───[-] SQL Injection **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   │   ├───[!] Unsafe Database Queries in Custom Filament Actions/Pages **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   └───[!] Exploiting raw SQL usage within Filament context **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   ├───[-] Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   │   └───[!] Stored XSS in Filament Resource Forms **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   ├───[-] Insecure File Uploads **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   │   ├───[!] Unrestricted File Types in Filament File Upload Fields **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   └───[!] Server-Side Execution of Uploaded Files **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   └───[-] Data Exposure through Filament UI **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│       └───[!] Sensitive data leakage in Filament tables, forms, or relationship displays **[CRITICAL NODE]**
├───[+] Exploit Filament Configuration and Settings Vulnerabilities **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   ├───[-] Misconfigured Filament Permissions **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   │   └───[!] Granting excessive privileges to users/roles in Filament panel **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   ├───[-] Debug Mode Enabled in Production (Laravel/Filament) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   └───[-] Exposed Sensitive Information in Filament Logs/Error Handling **[CRITICAL NODE]**
├───[+] Exploit Filament Components and Plugin Vulnerabilities **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   ├───[-] Vulnerable Custom Filament Components **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   │   └───[!] Security flaws introduced in custom components developed for Filament **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   ├───[-] Vulnerable Filament Plugins **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   │   └───[!] Exploiting vulnerabilities in third-party Filament plugins **[CRITICAL NODE]**
├───[+] Exploit Filament Update and Maintenance Issues **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
│   ├───[-] Outdated Filament Version **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   └───[-] Outdated Dependencies **[CRITICAL NODE]**
└───[+] Social Engineering targeting Filament Users **[HIGH-RISK PATH]**
    └───[-] Phishing attacks targeting Filament administrators to gain credentials **[CRITICAL NODE]**

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Authentication and Authorization Weaknesses

1. Exploit Authentication and Authorization Weaknesses [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

  • Brute-force Login Credentials -> Weak Password Policy in Filament Configuration [CRITICAL NODE]:

    • Attack Vector: Attackers attempt to guess usernames and passwords for Filament admin accounts.
    • Weakness: Lack of strong password complexity requirements, short password lengths, no password rotation enforcement.
    • Exploitation: Automated tools are used to try numerous password combinations until a valid one is found.

  • Authorization Bypass [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Insecure Resource Policies in Filament [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers attempt to access Filament resources (models, pages, actions) without proper authorization.
      • Weakness: Resource policies are not correctly defined or are too permissive, allowing unauthorized users to access or manipulate data.
      • Exploitation: Attackers manipulate requests or URLs to bypass policy checks and access restricted resources.
    • Role/Permission Misconfiguration in Filament [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers exploit misconfigured roles and permissions within the Filament panel.
      • Weakness: Users or roles are granted excessive privileges, allowing them to perform actions they should not be authorized for.
      • Exploitation: Attackers leverage their assigned roles and permissions to access features or data beyond their intended scope.
    • IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference) in Filament resource access [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers manipulate object identifiers (IDs) in requests to access resources belonging to other users or entities.
      • Weakness: Resource access is based on predictable or guessable IDs without proper authorization checks to ensure the user is allowed to access the requested object.
      • Exploitation: Attackers enumerate or guess IDs in URLs or form parameters to access unauthorized data.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Data Handling and CRUD Operations Vulnerabilities

2. Exploit Data Handling and CRUD Operations Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

  • SQL Injection [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Unsafe Database Queries in Custom Filament Actions/Pages [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers inject malicious SQL code into database queries executed by custom Filament components.
      • Weakness: Custom code in Filament actions or pages constructs SQL queries using unsanitized user input, allowing injection of arbitrary SQL commands.
      • Exploitation: Attackers craft malicious input that, when incorporated into SQL queries, allows them to manipulate the database, extract data, or even gain control of the database server.
    • Exploiting raw SQL usage within Filament context [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities arising from the use of raw SQL queries within Filament applications.
      • Weakness: Developers use raw SQL queries without proper parameterization or sanitization, making the application vulnerable to SQL injection.
      • Exploitation: Similar to the previous point, attackers inject SQL code through raw queries to compromise the database.

  • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Stored XSS in Filament Resource Forms [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers inject malicious JavaScript code into Filament resource forms, which is then stored in the database and executed when other users view the data in the admin panel.
      • Weakness: Lack of proper input validation and output encoding in Filament forms allows malicious scripts to be stored and rendered in the UI.
      • Exploitation: Attackers inject JavaScript code that can steal admin session cookies, perform actions on behalf of administrators, or deface the admin panel.

  • Insecure File Uploads [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Unrestricted File Types in Filament File Upload Fields [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers upload files of any type through Filament file upload fields, including malicious executable files.
      • Weakness: Filament file upload fields are not configured to restrict allowed file types, or client-side validation is bypassed.
      • Exploitation: Attackers upload malicious files (e.g., PHP scripts, shell scripts) that, if executed by the server, can lead to code execution and system compromise.
    • Server-Side Execution of Uploaded Files [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers exploit misconfigurations or vulnerabilities that allow uploaded files to be executed by the server.
      • Weakness: Web server is configured to execute files in the upload directory, or custom application logic executes uploaded files.
      • Exploitation: Attackers upload malicious executable files and then access them directly via the web server or trigger their execution through other means, leading to code execution on the server.

  • Data Exposure through Filament UI [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Sensitive data leakage in Filament tables, forms, or relationship displays [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers gain access to sensitive data that is unintentionally displayed in the Filament admin panel.
      • Weakness: Filament resources, tables, forms, or relationship displays are not properly configured to restrict visibility of sensitive data based on user roles and permissions.
      • Exploitation: Attackers with insufficient privileges can view sensitive data that should be restricted to higher-level users or roles simply by navigating the Filament UI.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Filament Configuration and Settings Vulnerabilities

3. Exploit Filament Configuration and Settings Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

  • Misconfigured Filament Permissions [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Granting excessive privileges to users/roles in Filament panel [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers exploit overly permissive permissions granted to users or roles in the Filament admin panel.
      • Weakness: Administrators incorrectly assign roles or permissions, granting users more access than necessary.
      • Exploitation: Attackers with excessive privileges can perform unauthorized actions, modify data, or escalate their privileges further within the Filament application.

  • Debug Mode Enabled in Production (Laravel/Filament) [CRITICAL NODE]:

    • Information disclosure through debug pages, error messages:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers access debug pages or error messages exposed due to debug mode being enabled in a production environment.
      • Weakness: Debug mode is left enabled in production, exposing sensitive application information.
      • Exploitation: Attackers gather information from debug pages and error messages, such as database credentials, internal paths, and application code details, which can be used to plan further attacks.

  • Exposed Sensitive Information in Filament Logs/Error Handling [CRITICAL NODE]:

    • Verbose error messages or logs revealing internal paths, database details:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers access or intercept verbose error messages or application logs that contain sensitive information.
      • Weakness: Error handling is not properly configured to prevent leakage of sensitive data in error messages or logs, and logs are not securely stored or accessed.
      • Exploitation: Attackers obtain sensitive information from error messages or logs, such as database credentials, API keys, or internal system paths, which can be used to further compromise the application or infrastructure.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Filament Components and Plugin Vulnerabilities

4. Exploit Filament Components and Plugin Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

  • Vulnerable Custom Filament Components [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Security flaws introduced in custom components developed for Filament [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers exploit security vulnerabilities present in custom Filament components.
      • Weakness: Custom components are developed without sufficient security considerations, containing vulnerabilities like XSS, SQL injection, or authorization bypass.
      • Exploitation: Attackers identify and exploit vulnerabilities in custom components to compromise the Filament application, potentially gaining code execution, data access, or control over the admin panel.

  • Vulnerable Filament Plugins [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

    • Exploiting vulnerabilities in third-party Filament plugins [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers exploit known vulnerabilities in third-party Filament plugins.
      • Weakness: Plugins contain security vulnerabilities due to poor coding practices, lack of updates, or undiscovered flaws.
      • Exploitation: Attackers leverage publicly known or newly discovered vulnerabilities in plugins to compromise the Filament application. This can range from data breaches to complete system takeover, depending on the plugin's functionality and the nature of the vulnerability.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Filament Update and Maintenance Issues

5. Exploit Filament Update and Maintenance Issues [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

  • Outdated Filament Version [CRITICAL NODE]:

    • Exploiting known vulnerabilities in older versions of FilamentPHP:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers target known security vulnerabilities that have been patched in newer versions of FilamentPHP but are still present in outdated installations.
      • Weakness: FilamentPHP is not regularly updated to the latest stable version, leaving known vulnerabilities unpatched.
      • Exploitation: Attackers use publicly available exploit code or vulnerability information to target known flaws in the outdated Filament version, potentially gaining unauthorized access or control.

  • Outdated Dependencies [CRITICAL NODE]:

    • Vulnerabilities in underlying Laravel framework or other PHP packages used by Filament:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in outdated dependencies used by FilamentPHP, including the Laravel framework and other PHP packages.
      • Weakness: Dependencies are not regularly updated, leaving known vulnerabilities unpatched in the underlying libraries.
      • Exploitation: Attackers target vulnerabilities in outdated dependencies, which can indirectly compromise the Filament application. This can lead to various impacts depending on the vulnerability, from denial of service to remote code execution.

Attack Tree Path: Social Engineering targeting Filament Users

6. Social Engineering targeting Filament Users [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

  • Phishing attacks targeting Filament administrators to gain credentials [CRITICAL NODE]:
    • Tricking administrators into revealing login details or installing malicious plugins/components:
      • Attack Vector: Attackers use phishing emails or websites to trick Filament administrators into divulging their login credentials or installing malicious software (e.g., plugins, components).
      • Weakness: Human factor vulnerability; administrators can be tricked by sophisticated phishing attacks.
      • Exploitation: Attackers send convincing phishing emails that mimic legitimate login pages or software update prompts. If administrators fall for the trick, attackers gain access to their accounts or can inject malicious code into the Filament application.