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Attack Tree Analysis for getgrav/grav

Objective: Gain Unauthorized Administrative Access to Grav CMS

Attack Tree Visualization

Goal: Gain Unauthorized Administrative Access to Grav CMS

├── 1. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Grav Core [HIGH RISK] │ ├── 1.1 Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Core [HIGH RISK] [CRITICAL] │ │ ├── 1.1.1 Unsafe Deserialization [CRITICAL] │ │ │ ├── 1.1.1.1 Craft malicious serialized object. │ │ │ └── 1.1.1.2 Trigger deserialization via a vulnerable endpoint/function. │ │ └── 1.1.3 File Inclusion Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL] │ │ ├── 1.1.3.1 Manipulate file paths in input to include malicious files. │ │ └── 1.1.3.2 Bypass file extension/type checks. │ ├── 1.2 Authentication Bypass [HIGH RISK] │ │ ├── 1.2.1 Exploit flaws in the login mechanism [CRITICAL] │ │ │ ├── 1.2.1.1 Brute-force weak password reset tokens. │ │ │ └── 1.2.1.2 Intercept and replay valid authentication tokens. │ │ ├── 1.2.2 Bypass authentication checks due to misconfiguration [CRITICAL] │ │ │ ├── 1.2.2.1 Exploit improperly configured access control rules. │ │ │ └── 1.2.2.2 Access admin panel directly due to missing authentication checks on specific routes. │ └── 1.3 Information Disclosure │ └── 1.3.1 Access sensitive files due to improper permissions [CRITICAL] │ ├── 1.3.1.1 Directly access user/config/system.yaml or other sensitive files. │ └── 1.3.1.2 Exploit directory traversal vulnerabilities. │ ├── 2. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Grav Plugins [HIGH RISK] │ ├── 2.1 RCE in a Plugin [HIGH RISK] [CRITICAL] │ │ ├── 2.1.1 Identify a vulnerable plugin (e.g., through public vulnerability databases). │ │ ├── 2.1.2 Exploit the plugin's vulnerability (similar sub-branches as 1.1). │ │ └── 2.1.3 Use the compromised plugin to escalate privileges or gain admin access. │ ├── 2.2 Authentication Bypass in a Plugin [CRITICAL] │ │ ├── 2.2.1 Identify a plugin with authentication flaws. │ │ ├── 2.2.2 Exploit the plugin's authentication bypass (similar sub-branches as 1.2). │ │ └── 2.2.3 Use the compromised plugin to gain unauthorized access. │ └── 3. Exploit Weaknesses in Grav's Configuration [HIGH RISK] ├── 3.1 Default or Weak Admin Credentials [CRITICAL] │ ├── 3.1.1 Attempt to login with default credentials (e.g., admin/admin). │ └── 3.1.2 Brute-force or guess weak admin passwords. ├── 3.2 Insecure Configuration Settings [CRITICAL] │ ├── 3.2.1 Identify insecure settings (e.g., debug mode enabled in production). │ ├── 3.2.2 Exploit the insecure setting (e.g., access debug information). │ └── 3.2.3 Use the exploited setting to gain further access. ├── 3.3 Improper File Permissions [CRITICAL] │ ├── 3.3.1 Identify files or directories with overly permissive permissions. │ ├── 3.3.2 Access or modify sensitive files (e.g., configuration files, plugin code). │ └── 3.3.3 Use the modified files to gain unauthorized access. └── 3.4 Exposed Backup Files [CRITICAL] ├── 3.4.1 Locate publicly accessible backup files (e.g., in the webroot). ├── 3.4.2 Download and extract the backup files. └── 3.4.3 Access sensitive information (e.g., database credentials, user accounts) from the backup.

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Grav Core [HIGH RISK]

Description: This section covers vulnerabilities within the core Grav CMS code itself.

  • 1.1 Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Core [HIGH RISK] [CRITICAL]

    • Description: Executing arbitrary code on the server hosting the Grav CMS. This is the most severe type of vulnerability.
    • 1.1.1 Unsafe Deserialization [CRITICAL]:
      • Attack Vector: Grav, or a plugin, might deserialize data from an untrusted source (e.g., user input, a network request) without proper validation. An attacker could craft a malicious serialized object that, when deserialized, executes arbitrary code.
      • Example: A plugin uses PHP's unserialize() function on data submitted through a form without sanitizing it.
    • 1.1.3 File Inclusion Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL]:
      • Attack Vector: Grav, or a plugin, might include files based on user-supplied input without proper validation. This can lead to Local File Inclusion (LFI) or Remote File Inclusion (RFI).
      • Example: A poorly written plugin uses a URL parameter to determine which file to include, allowing an attacker to specify ../../../../etc/passwd (LFI) or http://attacker.com/malicious.php (RFI).

  • 1.2 Authentication Bypass [HIGH RISK]

    • Description: Gaining access to the Grav admin panel without valid credentials.
    • 1.2.1 Exploit flaws in the login mechanism [CRITICAL]:
      • Attack Vector: Weaknesses in the password reset functionality, session management, or other authentication-related code.
      • Example: A predictable password reset token generation algorithm allows an attacker to guess a valid token and reset an admin's password. Or, an attacker could intercept and replay a valid authentication cookie.
    • 1.2.2 Bypass authentication checks due to misconfiguration [CRITICAL]:
      • Attack Vector: Incorrectly configured access control rules or missing authentication checks on specific admin routes.
      • Example: The .htaccess file (or equivalent web server configuration) is misconfigured, allowing direct access to /admin without authentication.

  • 1.3 Information Disclosure

    • 1.3.1 Access sensitive files due to improper permissions [CRITICAL]:
      • Attack Vector: Files or directories containing sensitive information (configuration files, logs, etc.) have overly permissive permissions, allowing unauthorized access.
      • Example: The user/config/system.yaml file, which may contain database credentials, is readable by the web server user or even world-readable.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Grav Plugins [HIGH RISK]

Description: This section focuses on vulnerabilities that may exist within plugins installed on the Grav CMS.

  • 2.1 RCE in a Plugin [HIGH RISK] [CRITICAL]
    • Description: Executing arbitrary code on the server through a vulnerability in an installed plugin.
    • Attack Vector: Similar to RCE in the core, but the vulnerability exists within a plugin's code. This could involve unsafe deserialization, file inclusion, SQL injection (if the plugin interacts with a database), or other code injection flaws.
    • Example: A popular plugin has a known RCE vulnerability that hasn't been patched. An attacker exploits this vulnerability to upload a web shell.
  • 2.2 Authentication Bypass in a Plugin [CRITICAL]
    • Description: Bypassing authentication mechanisms provided by a plugin, potentially granting access to plugin-specific features or even the Grav admin panel.
    • Attack Vector: Similar to authentication bypass in the core, but the vulnerability exists within a plugin's authentication logic.
    • Example: A plugin that adds extra security features has a flaw that allows bypassing its two-factor authentication.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Exploit Weaknesses in Grav's Configuration [HIGH RISK]

Description: This section addresses vulnerabilities arising from misconfigurations or insecure settings within the Grav CMS.

  • 3.1 Default or Weak Admin Credentials [CRITICAL]
    • Description: Using default or easily guessable credentials to gain admin access.
    • Attack Vector: The administrator hasn't changed the default admin password, or they've chosen a weak password that can be easily brute-forced or guessed.
    • Example: The default admin/admin credentials are still active.
  • 3.2 Insecure Configuration Settings [CRITICAL]
    • Description: Exploiting insecure settings in Grav's configuration files.
    • Attack Vector: Debug mode is enabled in production, revealing sensitive information in error messages. Other insecure settings might expose internal details or weaken security mechanisms.
    • Example: system.yaml has debugger.enabled: true in a production environment.
  • 3.3 Improper File Permissions [CRITICAL]
    • Description: Accessing or modifying sensitive files due to overly permissive file system permissions.
    • Attack Vector: Configuration files, plugin code, or other sensitive files are readable or writable by unauthorized users (e.g., the web server user).
    • Example: The user/plugins directory is writable by the web server user, allowing an attacker to modify plugin code.
  • 3.4 Exposed Backup Files [CRITICAL]
    • Description: Accessing sensitive information from publicly accessible backup files.
    • Attack Vector: Backup files (e.g., .zip, .tar.gz) are stored in the webroot or another publicly accessible location.
    • Example: A backup file named backup.zip is located in the website's root directory and can be downloaded by anyone.