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Attack Tree Analysis for laravel/framework

Objective: To gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or functionality within a Laravel application by exploiting framework-specific vulnerabilities or misconfigurations.

Attack Tree Visualization

[Gain Unauthorized Access to Sensitive Data/Functionality] / |
/ |
/ |
[Exploit Package] [Misconfigured ORM] [Route Model Binding] / / \ /
/ / \ /
[Vulnerable [Bypass Auth. [Eager [Missing [Incorrectly Third-Party] via Scopes] Loading] Auth.] Implemented] Package] Checks] Custom Logic] /
/
[Known [Outdated] CVE] [Package]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Package Vulnerabilities

  • Critical Node: [Vulnerable Third-Party Laravel Package]
    • Description: This node represents the presence of a third-party package used by the Laravel application that contains a known or unknown vulnerability. This is a critical node because it's a common entry point for attackers.
    • Likelihood: Medium. The sheer number of packages used in modern web applications increases the likelihood that at least one will have a vulnerability.
    • Impact: High. The impact depends on the specific package and vulnerability, but it can range from information disclosure to remote code execution (RCE).
    • Effort: Low to Medium. If a known vulnerability with a public exploit exists, the effort is low. If it's a zero-day or requires custom exploit development, the effort is higher.
    • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate. Exploiting known vulnerabilities often requires minimal skill, while developing exploits for unknown vulnerabilities requires more expertise.
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Vulnerability scanners can detect known vulnerabilities, but zero-days are much harder to detect.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: [Known CVE in Package]

*   **Description:** An attacker exploits a publicly known vulnerability (with a CVE identifier) in a third-party package.
*   **Likelihood:** Medium. Depends on the patching practices of the application maintainers.
*   **Impact:** High.  Depends on the specific CVE, but often allows significant access or control.
*   **Effort:** Low.  Public exploits are often readily available.
*   **Skill Level:** Novice.  Using publicly available exploits requires minimal technical skill.
*   **Detection Difficulty:** Easy.  Vulnerability scanners and CVE databases can identify this.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: [Outdated Package]

*    **Description:** The application uses an outdated version of a third-party package, increasing the likelihood of a known vulnerability being present.
*   **Likelihood:** Medium. Many projects neglect to update dependencies regularly.
*   **Impact:** High. Increases the probability of a successful exploit.
*   **Effort:** Very Low. Identifying outdated packages is trivial.
*   **Skill Level:** Novice.
*   **Detection Difficulty:** Easy. Automated tools can detect outdated packages.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Misconfigured ORM/Eloquent

  • Critical Node: [Bypass Authorization Checks via Eloquent Scopes]
    • Description: An attacker manipulates Eloquent queries, often by exploiting improperly defined or missing authorization checks within Eloquent scopes (especially global scopes), to access data they shouldn't be able to.
    • Likelihood: Medium. This requires specific coding errors, but these errors are common, especially in complex applications.
    • Impact: High. Directly leads to unauthorized data access.
    • Effort: Medium. Requires understanding the application's data model and authorization logic.
    • Skill Level: Intermediate. Requires knowledge of Eloquent and how scopes work.
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Requires careful code review and testing of authorization logic.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: [Missing or Incorrect Authorization Checks within Scopes]

* **Description:** The developer has either omitted authorization checks entirely within an Eloquent scope or implemented them incorrectly, allowing unauthorized access.
* **Likelihood:** Medium. A common oversight, especially when dealing with complex queries or global scopes.
* **Impact:** High. Directly leads to unauthorized data access.
* **Effort:** Low. Easy to exploit if the vulnerability exists.
* **Skill Level:** Intermediate. Requires understanding of Eloquent scopes and authorization.
* **Detection Difficulty:** Medium. Requires code review and testing.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: [Eager Loading Sensitive Relationships]

* **Description:** The application inadvertently includes sensitive related data in queries, exposing it to unauthorized users.
* **Likelihood:** Medium. Easy to make this mistake, especially with complex models.
* **Impact:** Medium to High. Depends on the sensitivity of the exposed data.
* **Effort:** Low. Often occurs through unintentional exposure.
* **Skill Level:** Intermediate.
* **Detection Difficulty:** Medium. Requires careful review of API responses and database queries.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Exploit Route Model Binding Issues

  • Critical Node: [Bypass Authorization via Route Model Binding]
    • Description: An attacker exploits weaknesses in how route model binding is implemented to access resources they shouldn't have access to. This often happens when authorization checks are missing or improperly placed.
    • Likelihood: Medium. Relies on developers correctly implementing authorization checks in conjunction with route model binding.
    • Impact: High. Can grant access to sensitive data or functionality.
    • Effort: Low. If authorization is missing, exploitation is often trivial.
    • Skill Level: Intermediate. Requires understanding of route model binding and authorization.
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Requires code review and testing of access controls.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: [Missing Authorization Checks in Controller]

*   **Description:** The most direct form of this vulnerability.  The controller action handling the route simply doesn't check if the user is authorized to access the requested resource.
*   **Likelihood:** Medium.  A common oversight, especially in larger applications.
*   **Impact:** High.  Grants unauthorized access to the resource.
*   **Effort:** Low.  Exploitation is trivial if the check is missing.
*   **Skill Level:** Novice.
*   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium.  Requires code review and testing.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: [Incorrectly Implemented Custom Route Model Binding Logic]

* **Description:** If the developer has overridden the default route model binding behavior with custom logic, errors in that logic can create vulnerabilities.
* **Likelihood:** Low. Less common than simply missing checks, but still a risk.
* **Impact:** High. Can bypass security checks.
* **Effort:** Medium. Requires understanding of the custom logic.
* **Skill Level:** Intermediate.
* **Detection Difficulty:** Hard. Requires careful code review and testing.