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attack-surface.md

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Attack Surface Analysis for magento/magento2

Attack Surface: SQL Injection in Core Modules

  • Description: Attackers inject malicious SQL code into input fields or parameters processed by Magento's core modules, leading to unauthorized database access.
    • Magento 2 Contribution: Magento 2's complex codebase and database interactions within core modules increase SQL injection vulnerability potential if input validation is insufficient.
    • Example: Malicious SQL code injected via a product search field to bypass authentication and extract customer data.
    • Impact: Data Breach, Data Manipulation, Website Defacement, Denial of Service.
    • Risk Severity: Critical
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Thoroughly validate and sanitize all user inputs in core modules.
      • Use Magento's input validation and parameterized queries.
      • Regular security audits and penetration testing.
      • Promptly apply Magento security patches and updates.
      • Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF).
      • Use principle of least privilege for database access.

Attack Surface: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Templates and Input Fields

  • Description: Attackers inject malicious JavaScript into Magento pages, executed in users' browsers, leading to session hijacking and account takeover.
    • Magento 2 Contribution: Magento's PHTML templates and numerous input fields create XSS opportunities if output encoding and input sanitization are lacking.
    • Example: Malicious JavaScript injected into a product review, stealing session cookies of users viewing the product page.
    • Impact: Account Takeover, Session Hijacking, Website Defacement, Phishing Attacks, Malware Distribution.
    • Risk Severity: High
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Properly encode all output data in PHTML templates using Magento's escaping functions.
      • Sanitize user inputs to neutralize malicious scripts.
      • Implement Content Security Policy (CSP).
      • Regular security scans for XSS vulnerabilities.
      • Educate developers on secure coding practices.

Attack Surface: Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Input Validation Flaws

  • Description: Attackers exploit input validation flaws to execute arbitrary code on the Magento server, gaining full system control.
    • Magento 2 Contribution: Magento's handling of user data, especially in file uploads and image processing, can lead to RCE if vulnerabilities exist.
    • Example: Exploiting an image upload vulnerability in an extension to upload a malicious image and execute code on the server.
    • Impact: Full System Compromise, Data Breach, Website Defacement, Denial of Service, Malware Installation.
    • Risk Severity: Critical
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Strict input validation for all user-provided data, especially file uploads.
      • Secure file handling practices.
      • Promptly apply Magento security patches and updates.
      • Code reviews and static analysis for RCE vulnerabilities.
      • Principle of least privilege for server processes.
      • Web Application Firewall (WAF) and Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS).

Attack Surface: Third-Party Extension Vulnerabilities

  • Description: Vulnerabilities in third-party Magento extensions can be exploited to compromise the Magento installation.
    • Magento 2 Contribution: Magento's extension ecosystem introduces a large attack surface due to varying security quality of third-party code.
    • Example: A vulnerable extension allows attackers to bypass authentication and steal customer credit card information.
    • Impact: Data Breach, Website Defacement, Malware Distribution, Account Takeover, Denial of Service.
    • Risk Severity: High to Critical
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Carefully select extensions from reputable developers.
      • Regularly update all installed extensions.
      • Security audits of critical extensions.
      • Minimize extension usage.
      • Use extension security scanners.
      • Monitor security news for extension vulnerabilities.

Attack Surface: Insecure Magento Configuration (Debug Mode, Weak Passwords, Disabled Security Features)

  • Description: Misconfigurations in Magento settings create vulnerabilities and expose sensitive information.
    • Magento 2 Contribution: Magento's extensive configuration options, if not secured, can lead to weaknesses like debug mode in production or weak admin credentials.
    • Example: Debug mode left enabled revealing server paths and database information, or default admin credentials allowing easy admin access.
    • Impact: Information Disclosure, Unauthorized Access, Account Takeover, Website Defacement, Denial of Service.
    • Risk Severity: High
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Conduct a thorough security review of Magento configuration.
      • Disable debug mode in production.
      • Enforce strong admin passwords and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).
      • Secure file permissions.
      • Regular security audits including configuration checks.
      • Follow Magento security hardening guides.

Attack Surface: REST API Authentication Bypass

  • Description: Attackers bypass authentication in Magento's REST API to gain unauthorized access to API endpoints and data.
    • Magento 2 Contribution: Magento 2's REST API can be vulnerable to authentication bypass if token validation or authorization logic is flawed.
    • Example: Bypassing REST API token validation to access sensitive customer data or perform admin actions.
    • Impact: Data Breach, Unauthorized Data Modification, Account Takeover, System Abuse.
    • Risk Severity: High to Critical
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Implement robust API authentication and authorization (OAuth 2.0).
      • Regular security audits of API endpoints and authentication logic.
      • Input validation and sanitization for API requests.
      • Rate limiting and API security best practices.
      • Keep Magento core updated with security patches.

Attack Surface: Outdated Magento Version

  • Description: Running an outdated Magento 2 version exposes the application to known, unpatched vulnerabilities.
    • Magento 2 Contribution: Failure to apply Magento security patches leaves the system vulnerable to exploits targeting known vulnerabilities in older versions.
    • Example: Exploiting a known vulnerability in an outdated Magento version to compromise stores running that version.
    • Impact: Data Breach, Website Defacement, Malware Distribution, Account Takeover, Denial of Service.
    • Risk Severity: High to Critical
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Regularly apply Magento security patches and version updates.
      • Implement a patch management system.
      • Security monitoring and alerts for Magento vulnerabilities.
      • Regular security audits including version checks.
      • Automated update processes where feasible.