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Attack Tree Analysis for magento/magento2

Objective: To gain unauthorized administrative access to the Magento 2 application, leading to data exfiltration, defacement, or disruption of service.

Attack Tree Visualization

                                 [!!!Gain Unauthorized Administrative Access!!!]
                                                |
      -------------------------------------------------------------------------
      |																			|

[Compromise Magento Extensions/Themes] [Leverage Magento Configuration Weaknesses] | |

| | [Vulnerable [Dependency Confusion] [Weak/Default Extension] Admin Credentials] | --------------------------------- | | | [Brute Force] [Phishing] [Guessing]

Attack Tree Path: Critical Node: [!!!Gain Unauthorized Administrative Access!!!]

  • Description: This represents the ultimate objective of the attacker. Achieving this node means complete compromise of the Magento 2 administrative interface.
  • Impact: Very High - Full control over the store, including customer data, orders, configuration, and potentially the underlying server.
  • Consequences: Data breaches, financial loss, reputational damage, defacement, service disruption.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: [***Compromise Magento Extensions/Themes***] -> [***Vulnerable Extension***]

  • Overall Description: This path represents the exploitation of security flaws within third-party Magento extensions.

  • [***Compromise Magento Extensions/Themes***] (Parent Node):

    • Description: The attacker targets weaknesses in installed extensions to gain a foothold in the system.
    • Likelihood: High - Due to the large number of available extensions and the varying levels of security diligence among developers.
    • Impact: Medium to Very High - Depends on the specific vulnerability within the extension.
    • Effort: Low to Medium - Exploits for known vulnerabilities are often publicly available.
    • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard - Requires vulnerability scanning, code review, and potentially intrusion detection.

  • [***Vulnerable Extension***] (Child Node):

    • Description: A specific extension contains a security flaw (e.g., RCE, SQL injection, XSS) that can be exploited.
    • Likelihood: High - Given the parent node's high likelihood.
    • Impact: Medium to Very High - Depends on the nature of the vulnerability. Could range from minor information disclosure to complete system compromise (RCE).
    • Effort: Low to Medium - If a public exploit exists, the effort is very low. Otherwise, it depends on the complexity of the vulnerability.
    • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate - Public exploits require minimal skill. Discovering and exploiting new vulnerabilities requires more skill.
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard - Requires proactive vulnerability scanning, code analysis, and potentially intrusion detection system (IDS) monitoring.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: [Leverage Magento Configuration Weaknesses] -> [***Weak/Default Admin Credentials***]

  • Overall Description: This path involves the attacker gaining administrative access by exploiting weak or default administrator passwords.

  • [Leverage Magento Configuration Weaknesses] (Parent Node):

    • Description: The attacker takes advantage of insecure configurations within the Magento 2 installation.
    • Likelihood: Medium to High - Depends on the diligence of the administrator in securing the installation.
    • Impact: Varies - Depends on the specific configuration weakness.
    • Effort: Varies - Depends on the specific weakness.
    • Skill Level: Varies - From Script Kiddie to Advanced.
    • Detection Difficulty: Varies - From Very Easy to Hard.

  • [***Weak/Default Admin Credentials***] (Child Node):

    • Description: The administrator account uses an easily guessable password (e.g., "admin," "password123") or the default credentials provided by Magento.
    • Likelihood: Medium - Unfortunately, still a common issue.
    • Impact: Very High - Grants full administrative access to the attacker.
    • Effort: Very Low - Simple guessing or using readily available password lists.
    • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
    • Detection Difficulty: Easy to Medium - Failed login attempts can be logged and monitored. Rate limiting and account lockouts can hinder brute-force attempts.

  • Sub-Attacks under Weak/Default Credentials:

    • Brute Force:
      • Description: Automated attempts to guess the password by trying many combinations.
      • Likelihood: High - A common attack method.
      • Impact: Very High (if successful).
      • Effort: Low - Automated tools are readily available.
      • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
      • Detection Difficulty: Easy (with rate limiting and account lockout).
    • Phishing:
      • Description: Tricking the administrator into revealing their credentials through deceptive emails or websites.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Very High (if successful).
      • Effort: Medium - Requires crafting convincing phishing campaigns.
      • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium - Requires user awareness and email security.
    • Guessing:
      • Description: Manually trying common passwords or passwords based on publicly available information.
      • Likelihood: Low - Less effective than brute-forcing.
      • Impact: Very High (if successful).
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Script Kiddie
      • Detection Difficulty: Easy - Failed login attempts can be logged.

Attack Tree Path: Critical Node (within a High-Risk Path): [Dependency Confusion]

  • Description: Although not marked as a high-risk path on its own due to a currently lower likelihood, Dependency Confusion is a critical node because of its potential impact.
  • Likelihood: Low to Medium (Increasingly common, but requires specific conditions)
  • Impact: Very High (RCE, complete system compromise)
  • Effort: Medium to High (Requires research and potentially custom exploit development)
  • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced
  • Detection Difficulty: Hard (Requires monitoring package repositories and build processes)