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Attack Tree Analysis for matomo-org/matomo

Objective: Compromise Application via Matomo Exploitation (Focus on High-Risk Paths)

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise Application Using Matomo Weaknesses
├── OR
│   ├── Exploit Matomo Software Vulnerabilities **HIGH-RISK PATH**
│   │   ├── OR
│   │   │   ├── Exploit Known Matomo Core Vulnerabilities (CVEs) **HIGH-RISK PATH**
│   │   │   │   ├── AND
│   │   │   │   │   ├── Identify Outdated Matomo Version **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   │   │   └── Exploit Publicly Disclosed Vulnerability (e.g., RCE, SQLi, XSS) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   ├── Exploit Matomo Plugin Vulnerabilities **HIGH-RISK PATH**
│   │   │   │   ├── AND
│   │   │   │   │   ├── Identify Vulnerable Matomo Plugin **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   │   │   │   ├── OR
│   │   │   │   │   │   │   ├── Exploit Known Plugin Vulnerability (CVEs) **HIGH-RISK PATH**
│   │   │   │   │   │   │   │   ├── AND
│   │   │   │   │   │   │   │   │   ├── Identify Outdated Plugin Version
│   │   │   │   │   │   │   │   │   └── Exploit Publicly Disclosed Plugin Vulnerability **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   ├── Exploit Matomo Configuration Weaknesses **HIGH-RISK PATH**
│   │   ├── OR
│   │   │   ├── Exploit Default Credentials **HIGH-RISK PATH**
│   │   │   │   ├── AND
│   │   │   │   │   ├── Access Matomo Login Page **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   │   │   └── Attempt Default Credentials (e.g., admin/password) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   ├── Exploit Insecure File Permissions **HIGH-RISK PATH**
│   │   │   │   ├── AND
│   │   │   │   │   ├── Identify Misconfigured File Permissions on Matomo Files/Directories **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   │   │   └── Gain Unauthorized Access to Sensitive Files (e.g., configuration files) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   ├── Exploit Exposed Sensitive Information in Matomo Configuration **HIGH-RISK PATH**
│   │   │   │   ├── AND
│   │   │   │   │   ├── Access Matomo Configuration Files (via file system access or misconfiguration) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   │   │   └── Extract Sensitive Information (e.g., database credentials, API keys) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   ├── Exploit Insecure Matomo API Configuration **HIGH-RISK PATH**
│   │   │   │   ├── AND
│   │   │   │   │   ├── Identify Exposed Matomo API Endpoints **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   │   │   ├── Bypass API Authentication/Authorization (if weak or misconfigured) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   │   │   └── Abuse API for Malicious Purposes (e.g., data exfiltration, manipulation) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   ├── Social Engineering/Phishing Targeting Matomo Users **HIGH-RISK PATH**
│   │   ├── AND
│   │   │   ├── Craft Phishing Attack Targeting Matomo Users **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   │   │   └── Trick User into Revealing Credentials or Executing Malicious Actions within Matomo **[CRITICAL NODE]**
│   └── Exploit Dependency Vulnerabilities to Compromise Matomo Installation **[CRITICAL NODE]**

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Matomo Software Vulnerabilities (HIGH-RISK PATH)

Attack Vector: Attackers target known or zero-day vulnerabilities within the Matomo core software or its plugins. Successful exploitation can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE), SQL Injection (SQLi), Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and other critical vulnerabilities.

  • Critical Nodes:
    • Identify Outdated Matomo Version [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Attackers first identify if the Matomo instance is running an outdated version. This is a crucial step as outdated versions are more likely to have known, unpatched vulnerabilities.
      • Actionable Insight: Implement version detection countermeasures and ensure Matomo is always updated to the latest stable version.
    • Exploit Publicly Disclosed Vulnerability (e.g., RCE, SQLi, XSS) [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Once an outdated version is identified, attackers leverage publicly available exploits or develop their own to target known vulnerabilities (CVEs).
      • Actionable Insight: Establish a robust patch management process to quickly apply security updates released by Matomo. Monitor security advisories and vulnerability databases.
    • Identify Vulnerable Matomo Plugin [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Similar to core vulnerabilities, attackers identify vulnerable plugins. Plugins, especially third-party ones, can be less rigorously secured.
      • Actionable Insight: Maintain an inventory of installed plugins, keep them updated, and remove unnecessary or insecure plugins.
    • Exploit Publicly Disclosed Plugin Vulnerability [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Attackers exploit known vulnerabilities in outdated Matomo plugins, similar to core vulnerabilities.
      • Actionable Insight: Apply the same patch management and monitoring practices to plugins as to the Matomo core.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Matomo Configuration Weaknesses (HIGH-RISK PATH)

Attack Vector: Attackers exploit misconfigurations in the Matomo setup, such as default credentials, weak passwords, insecure file permissions, exposed sensitive information, or insecure API configurations.

  • Critical Nodes:
    • Access Matomo Login Page [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: The Matomo login page is the entry point for credential-based attacks. It's usually publicly accessible.
      • Actionable Insight: While the login page needs to be accessible, ensure it's protected by strong authentication mechanisms and consider rate limiting login attempts.
    • Attempt Default Credentials (e.g., admin/password) [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Attackers try default usernames and passwords (like admin/password) on the login page. Surprisingly, this still works in some cases.
      • Actionable Insight: Immediately change default administrator credentials during Matomo installation.
    • Identify Misconfigured File Permissions on Matomo Files/Directories [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Attackers look for incorrect file permissions that allow unauthorized access to sensitive Matomo files and directories.
      • Actionable Insight: Follow Matomo's recommended file permission settings. Regularly audit file permissions to ensure they are correctly configured.
    • Gain Unauthorized Access to Sensitive Files (e.g., configuration files) [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: If file permissions are weak, attackers can access sensitive files like config/config.ini.php, which contains database credentials and other secrets.
      • Actionable Insight: Strictly control access to configuration files. Use operating system-level security to restrict access to only necessary users/processes.
    • Access Matomo Configuration Files (via file system access or misconfiguration) [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Attackers attempt to access configuration files through various means, including file system access due to misconfigurations or potentially web server vulnerabilities (though less directly a Matomo weakness).
      • Actionable Insight: Harden the web server and operating system hosting Matomo to prevent unauthorized file system access.
    • Extract Sensitive Information (e.g., database credentials, API keys) [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Once configuration files are accessed, attackers extract sensitive information like database credentials, API keys, and other secrets.
      • Actionable Insight: Beyond securing file access, consider encrypting sensitive data within configuration files if possible, or using environment variables for sensitive configurations instead of storing them directly in files.
    • Identify Exposed Matomo API Endpoints [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Attackers identify publicly accessible Matomo API endpoints.
      • Actionable Insight: Document and understand all exposed API endpoints. Implement proper access controls and authentication for all APIs.
    • Bypass API Authentication/Authorization (if weak or misconfigured) [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Attackers attempt to bypass or circumvent weak API authentication or authorization mechanisms.
      • Actionable Insight: Implement strong API authentication (e.g., API keys, OAuth 2.0) and authorization. Follow security best practices for API security.
    • Abuse API for Malicious Purposes (e.g., data exfiltration, manipulation) [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: If API authentication is bypassed, attackers can abuse the API for malicious actions like data exfiltration, data manipulation, or potentially gaining further access.
      • Actionable Insight: Monitor API usage for anomalies. Implement rate limiting and input validation for API requests to prevent abuse.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Default Credentials (HIGH-RISK PATH)

Attack Vector: This is a specific, highly focused path within Configuration Weaknesses. Attackers directly attempt to log in using default credentials.

  • Critical Nodes:
    • Access Matomo Login Page [CRITICAL NODE]: (Same breakdown as above)
    • Attempt Default Credentials (e.g., admin/password) [CRITICAL NODE]: (Same breakdown as above)

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Insecure File Permissions (HIGH-RISK PATH)

Attack Vector: Another focused path within Configuration Weaknesses. Attackers specifically target misconfigured file permissions to gain access to sensitive files.

  • Critical Nodes:
    • Identify Misconfigured File Permissions on Matomo Files/Directories [CRITICAL NODE]: (Same breakdown as above)
    • Gain Unauthorized Access to Sensitive Files (e.g., configuration files) [CRITICAL NODE]: (Same breakdown as above)

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Exposed Sensitive Information in Matomo Configuration (HIGH-RISK PATH)

Attack Vector: This path highlights the direct consequence of insecure file permissions or other misconfigurations leading to the exposure of sensitive data within configuration files.

  • Critical Nodes:
    • Access Matomo Configuration Files (via file system access or misconfiguration) [CRITICAL NODE]: (Same breakdown as above)
    • Extract Sensitive Information (e.g., database credentials, API keys) [CRITICAL NODE]: (Same breakdown as above)

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Insecure Matomo API Configuration (HIGH-RISK PATH)

Attack Vector: This path focuses on the risks associated with insecurely configured Matomo APIs.

  • Critical Nodes:
    • Identify Exposed Matomo API Endpoints [CRITICAL NODE]: (Same breakdown as above)
    • Bypass API Authentication/Authorization (if weak or misconfigured) [CRITICAL NODE]: (Same breakdown as above)
    • Abuse API for Malicious Purposes (e.g., data exfiltration, manipulation) [CRITICAL NODE]: (Same breakdown as above)

Attack Tree Path: Social Engineering/Phishing Targeting Matomo Users (HIGH-RISK PATH)

Attack Vector: Attackers use social engineering tactics, primarily phishing, to trick Matomo users into revealing their credentials or performing malicious actions within Matomo.

  • Critical Nodes:
    • Craft Phishing Attack Targeting Matomo Users [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: Attackers create phishing emails or messages designed to look legitimate and target Matomo users (administrators, analysts, etc.).
      • Actionable Insight: Implement email security measures (spam filters, DMARC, SPF, DKIM). Conduct regular security awareness training for users to recognize and report phishing attempts.
    • Trick User into Revealing Credentials or Executing Malicious Actions within Matomo [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: The phishing attack aims to steal login credentials or trick users into clicking malicious links or performing actions that compromise their accounts or Matomo itself.
      • Actionable Insight: Enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for Matomo user accounts to add an extra layer of security even if credentials are compromised.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Dependency Vulnerabilities to Compromise Matomo Installation [CRITICAL NODE]

Attack Vector: Attackers target vulnerabilities in the third-party libraries and packages that Matomo depends on.

  • Critical Node:
    • Exploit Dependency Vulnerabilities to Compromise Matomo Installation [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Breakdown: If vulnerabilities exist in Matomo's dependencies, attackers can exploit them to compromise the Matomo installation. This is often more complex but can be effective.
      • Actionable Insight: Implement dependency scanning and management practices. Regularly update Matomo dependencies to patch known vulnerabilities. Use tools to monitor for and alert on dependency vulnerabilities.