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Mitigation Strategies Analysis for matomo-org/matomo

Mitigation Strategy: Regularly Update Matomo

  • Description:

    1. Subscribe to Matomo Security Announcements: Sign up for email notifications or RSS feeds from the official Matomo website or security channels to receive alerts about new Matomo releases and security updates.
    2. Monitor Matomo Release Notes: Regularly check the official Matomo website or GitHub repository for release notes, paying close attention to security-related announcements and changelogs specific to Matomo.
    3. Plan Matomo Update Schedule: Establish a schedule for applying Matomo updates, ideally within a reasonable timeframe after a new stable version is released (e.g., within a week or two).
    4. Test Matomo Updates in a Staging Environment: Before applying updates to the production Matomo instance, thoroughly test them in a staging or development environment that mirrors the production Matomo setup. This helps identify potential compatibility issues or regressions within Matomo itself.
    5. Apply Matomo Updates to Production: Once testing is successful, apply the updates to the production Matomo instance following Matomo's update instructions. This usually involves replacing Matomo files and running Matomo database upgrade scripts.
    6. Verify Matomo Update Success: After updating, verify that Matomo is functioning correctly and that the update was successful by checking the Matomo version in the Matomo admin interface and testing key Matomo features.

    • List of Threats Mitigated:

      • Exploitation of Known Matomo Vulnerabilities (High Severity): Outdated Matomo software is susceptible to publicly known vulnerabilities specific to Matomo that attackers can exploit.
      • Data Breaches via Matomo (High Severity): Vulnerabilities in outdated Matomo versions could be exploited to access sensitive analytics data stored within Matomo, potentially leading to data breaches and privacy violations.
      • Website Defacement via Matomo Exploits (Medium Severity): In some cases, vulnerabilities in Matomo could be exploited to deface the website where Matomo is embedded or the Matomo instance itself.
      • Malware Injection via Matomo Exploits (Medium Severity): Exploitable vulnerabilities in Matomo could allow attackers to inject malware into the Matomo instance or the tracked website through Matomo.

    • Impact:

      • Exploitation of Known Matomo Vulnerabilities: High Risk Reduction
      • Data Breaches via Matomo: High Risk Reduction
      • Website Defacement via Matomo Exploits: Medium Risk Reduction
      • Malware Injection via Matomo Exploits: Medium Risk Reduction

    • Currently Implemented: Partially Implemented (General Best Practice) - The project likely has a general update process for software, but specific procedures for Matomo updates might be lacking.

    • Missing Implementation: Specific, documented procedures for regularly monitoring, testing, and applying Matomo updates are likely missing. A defined schedule and responsible team member should be assigned for Matomo updates.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Plugin Management (Matomo Plugins)

  • Description:

    1. Establish Matomo Plugin Source Policy: Define a policy that mandates installing Matomo plugins only from the official Matomo Marketplace or verified, reputable developers of Matomo plugins. Document approved sources for Matomo plugins.
    2. Matomo Plugin Vetting Process: Implement a process for vetting new Matomo plugin requests. This includes checking the Matomo plugin developer's reputation, reviewing Matomo plugin code (if possible or through security reviews), and assessing the Matomo plugin's functionality and necessity within Matomo.
    3. Regular Matomo Plugin Audit: Periodically (e.g., quarterly) review the list of installed Matomo plugins within the Matomo admin interface. Identify and remove any Matomo plugins that are no longer needed, actively maintained, or have known security issues specific to Matomo plugins.
    4. Matomo Plugin Update Monitoring: Monitor for updates for installed Matomo plugins within the Matomo admin interface or through Matomo plugin developer channels.
    5. Staging Environment Matomo Plugin Testing: Test Matomo plugin updates and new Matomo plugin installations in a staging environment before deploying them to production Matomo.
    6. Custom Matomo Plugin Security Review: If developing custom Matomo plugins, mandate security code reviews and penetration testing specifically for these Matomo plugins before deployment. Use secure coding practices during Matomo plugin development.

    • List of Threats Mitigated:

      • Malicious Matomo Plugins (High Severity): Installing Matomo plugins from untrusted sources can introduce malicious code that could compromise the Matomo instance, the tracked website, or user data through Matomo.
      • Vulnerable Matomo Plugins (High Severity): Matomo plugins, like core Matomo software, can have vulnerabilities. Outdated or poorly maintained Matomo plugins can be exploited.
      • Backdoors through Matomo Plugins (High Severity): Malicious Matomo plugins could introduce backdoors allowing attackers persistent access to Matomo.
      • Data Exfiltration through Matomo Plugins (High Severity): Malicious or vulnerable Matomo plugins could be used to exfiltrate sensitive analytics data managed by Matomo.
      • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Matomo Plugins (Medium Severity): Poorly coded Matomo plugins might introduce XSS vulnerabilities within the Matomo interface or tracked sites.

    • Impact:

      • Malicious Matomo Plugins: High Risk Reduction
      • Vulnerable Matomo Plugins: High Risk Reduction
      • Backdoors through Matomo Plugins: High Risk Reduction
      • Data Exfiltration through Matomo Plugins: High Risk Reduction
      • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Matomo Plugins: Medium Risk Reduction

    • Currently Implemented: Partially Implemented (General Best Practice) - The project might have some awareness of plugin security, but formal policies and processes specifically for Matomo plugins are likely missing.

    • Missing Implementation: Formal Matomo plugin source policy, Matomo plugin vetting process, regular Matomo plugin audit schedule, and documented custom Matomo plugin security review process are likely missing.

Mitigation Strategy: Harden Matomo Configuration

  • Description:

    1. Review Matomo Security Hardening Guide: Thoroughly read and understand the official Matomo Security Hardening Guide provided by the Matomo project.
    2. Implement Recommended Matomo Configuration Settings: Apply the recommended configuration settings from the Matomo hardening guide within Matomo's configuration files (e.g., config.ini.php) and through the Matomo admin interface. This includes settings specifically related to Matomo security headers, Matomo session management, and Matomo access control.
    3. Restrict File Permissions for Matomo: Set restrictive file permissions on Matomo's installation directory and sensitive Matomo files. Ensure the web server user running Matomo has minimal necessary permissions.
    4. Disable Unnecessary Matomo Features: Disable any Matomo features or Matomo plugins that are not actively used. This reduces the attack surface of the Matomo application itself.
    5. Configure Secure Matomo Session Management: Configure Matomo session timeouts, use secure session cookies (HTTPOnly, Secure flags) specifically for Matomo sessions, and consider using a more secure session storage mechanism within Matomo if needed.
    6. Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) for Matomo: Configure a Content Security Policy specifically for Matomo to mitigate XSS attacks within the Matomo interface by controlling the sources from which the browser is allowed to load resources for Matomo.
    7. Enable HTTPS for Matomo Access: Ensure Matomo is accessed exclusively over HTTPS to encrypt communication to and from the Matomo application and protect data in transit to and from Matomo.

    • List of Threats Mitigated:

      • Unauthorized Access to Matomo (High Severity): Weak Matomo configurations can lead to unauthorized access to the Matomo application and its data.
      • Session Hijacking of Matomo Sessions (High Severity): Insecure Matomo session management can allow attackers to hijack user sessions within Matomo.
      • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Matomo (High Severity): Lack of proper Matomo security headers and CSP can increase the risk of XSS attacks within the Matomo interface.
      • Information Disclosure from Matomo (Medium Severity): Default Matomo configurations might expose sensitive information related to the Matomo setup.
      • Clickjacking of Matomo Interface (Medium Severity): Missing Matomo security headers can make the Matomo interface vulnerable to clickjacking attacks.

    • Impact:

      • Unauthorized Access to Matomo: High Risk Reduction
      • Session Hijacking of Matomo Sessions: High Risk Reduction
      • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Matomo: High Risk Reduction
      • Information Disclosure from Matomo: Medium Risk Reduction
      • Clickjacking of Matomo Interface: Medium Risk Reduction

    • Currently Implemented: Partially Implemented - Some basic hardening might be in place (like HTTPS), but comprehensive hardening based on the official Matomo guide is likely missing.

    • Missing Implementation: Full implementation of Matomo Security Hardening Guide recommendations, including detailed configuration review and adjustments within Matomo, CSP implementation for Matomo, and file permission hardening specifically for Matomo files.

Mitigation Strategy: API Security (Matomo API)

  • Description:

    1. Authentication and Authorization for Matomo API: Implement robust authentication and authorization mechanisms specifically for accessing the Matomo API. Use Matomo API keys, OAuth 2.0, or other secure authentication methods supported by or compatible with Matomo.
    2. Principle of Least Privilege for Matomo API Access: Grant Matomo API access only to authorized users or applications and with the minimum necessary permissions within the Matomo API.
    3. Secure Matomo API Token Management: Store Matomo API tokens securely. Avoid embedding them directly in client-side code or public repositories. Use environment variables or secure configuration management systems for Matomo API tokens.
    4. Rate Limiting for Matomo API: Implement rate limiting for Matomo API requests to prevent Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks and brute-force attempts targeting the Matomo API.
    5. Input Validation and Output Encoding for Matomo API: Apply input validation and output encoding principles to Matomo API requests and responses, similar to web application contexts, to prevent injection vulnerabilities and data manipulation within the Matomo API interactions.
    6. Matomo API Documentation and Security Considerations: Provide clear Matomo API documentation that includes security considerations and best practices for developers using the Matomo API.
    7. Matomo API Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing specifically focused on the Matomo API.

    • List of Threats Mitigated:

      • Unauthorized Matomo API Access (High Severity): Lack of authentication allows unauthorized users to access and manipulate Matomo data via the Matomo API.
      • Data Breaches via Matomo API (High Severity): Matomo API vulnerabilities or weak authorization can lead to data breaches through the Matomo API.
      • Denial of Service (DoS) via Matomo API (High Severity): Matomo API endpoints without rate limiting can be targeted for DoS attacks against the Matomo service.
      • Matomo API Injection Attacks (High Severity): Lack of input validation in Matomo API endpoints can lead to injection vulnerabilities (e.g., SQL injection, command injection) within the Matomo API.
      • Brute-Force Attacks on Matomo API Authentication (Medium Severity): Weak or missing rate limiting can make Matomo API authentication endpoints vulnerable to brute-force attacks.

    • Impact:

      • Unauthorized Matomo API Access: High Risk Reduction
      • Data Breaches via Matomo API: High Risk Reduction
      • Denial of Service (DoS) via Matomo API: High Risk Reduction
      • Matomo API Injection Attacks: High Risk Reduction
      • Brute-Force Attacks on Matomo API Authentication: Medium Risk Reduction

    • Currently Implemented: Partially Implemented - Matomo API keys might be used, but more comprehensive Matomo API security measures like OAuth 2.0, fine-grained authorization within Matomo API, rate limiting, and dedicated Matomo API security audits might be missing.

    • Missing Implementation: Implementation of robust Matomo API authentication and authorization (beyond basic API keys), rate limiting for Matomo API endpoints, secure Matomo API token management practices, dedicated Matomo API security audits, and potentially missing input validation/output encoding in Matomo API-related custom code.

Mitigation Strategy: Monitor Matomo Logs

  • Description:

    1. Enable Detailed Matomo Logging: Ensure Matomo's logging is configured to capture sufficient detail, including Matomo access logs, Matomo error logs, and Matomo security-related events. Configure logging levels within Matomo to be appropriately detailed.
    2. Centralized Logging System for Matomo Logs: Integrate Matomo logs into a centralized logging system (e.g., ELK stack, Splunk, Graylog) for easier analysis, searching, and correlation of Matomo logs with other system logs.
    3. Regular Matomo Log Review: Establish a schedule for regularly reviewing Matomo logs. This can be daily or weekly, depending on the criticality of the application and the volume of Matomo logs.
    4. Automated Matomo Log Analysis and Alerting: Implement automated log analysis rules and alerts to detect suspicious activity or security incidents within Matomo based on Matomo logs. Define alerts for Matomo-specific events like:
      • Failed Matomo login attempts (especially repeated failures).
      • Suspicious Matomo API requests.
      • Errors related to Matomo security features.
      • Unusual access patterns within Matomo.
    5. Matomo Log Retention Policy: Define a log retention policy specifically for Matomo logs that balances security needs with storage capacity. Retain Matomo logs for a sufficient period for incident investigation and auditing related to Matomo.
    6. Secure Matomo Log Storage: Store Matomo logs securely to prevent unauthorized access or tampering of Matomo log data.

    • List of Threats Mitigated:

      • Delayed Matomo Incident Detection (High Severity): Without Matomo log monitoring, security incidents within Matomo might go undetected for extended periods, increasing the potential damage to the Matomo installation and tracked data.
      • Lack of Forensic Evidence for Matomo Incidents (Medium Severity): Insufficient Matomo logging hinders incident investigation and forensic analysis of security events within Matomo.
      • Insider Threats within Matomo (Medium Severity): Matomo log monitoring can help detect and investigate suspicious activities by internal users interacting with Matomo.
      • Brute-Force Attacks against Matomo (Medium Severity): Matomo log analysis can identify brute-force login attempts against the Matomo interface.
      • Matomo Application Errors and Misconfigurations (Low Severity): Matomo logs can help identify application errors and misconfigurations within Matomo that might indirectly lead to security vulnerabilities in the Matomo setup.

    • Impact:

      • Delayed Matomo Incident Detection: High Risk Reduction
      • Lack of Forensic Evidence for Matomo Incidents: Medium Risk Reduction
      • Insider Threats within Matomo: Medium Risk Reduction
      • Brute-Force Attacks against Matomo: Medium Risk Reduction
      • Matomo Application Errors and Misconfigurations: Low Risk Reduction

    • Currently Implemented: Partially Implemented - Matomo likely generates logs, but centralized logging of Matomo logs, automated analysis of Matomo logs, alerting based on Matomo logs, and regular review processes for Matomo logs might be missing.

    • Missing Implementation: Centralized logging system integration for Matomo logs, automated Matomo log analysis and alerting rules, defined Matomo log review schedule, and documented Matomo log retention policy.