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Threat Model Analysis for matomo-org/matomo

Threat: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Tracking Code

  • Threat: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Tracking Code
  • Description: Attackers inject malicious JavaScript into a tracked website by exploiting vulnerabilities in Matomo's tracking code or its implementation. This script executes in users' browsers.
  • Impact: Session hijacking, data theft (credentials, personal info), website defacement, redirection to malicious sites.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Tracking JavaScript Library (matomo.js), Tracking Code Implementation.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Keep Matomo and tracking library updated.
    • Implement Content Security Policy (CSP).
    • Sanitize user-generated content on tracked sites.
    • Regularly audit tracking code implementation.

Threat: SQL Injection Vulnerabilities in Matomo Application

  • Threat: SQL Injection Vulnerabilities in Matomo Application
  • Description: Attackers inject malicious SQL queries by exploiting vulnerabilities in Matomo's PHP code or database interactions.
  • Impact: Full data breach (analytics data, user info, admin credentials), data modification/deletion, potential server compromise.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Core Matomo Application Code (PHP), Database Interaction Modules.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Keep Matomo updated.
    • Use parameterized queries/prepared statements.
    • Robust input validation and sanitization.
    • Regular code reviews and security audits.
    • Web Application Firewall (WAF).
    • Database security best practices (least privilege).

Threat: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in Matomo Features or Plugins (High Impact Scenarios)

  • Threat: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in Matomo Features or Plugins
  • Description: Attackers exploit Matomo features or plugins to make the Matomo server initiate requests to internal or external resources, potentially accessing sensitive internal services or data.
  • Impact: Information disclosure of internal resources, internal network reconnaissance, potential DoS of internal services, in some cases, chained with other vulns for RCE.
  • Affected Matomo Component: URL Handling Features (e.g., URL Preview, Import), Plugins, Network Request Modules.
  • Risk Severity: High (when internal resource access is critical)
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Keep Matomo and plugins updated.
    • Strict input validation for URLs.
    • URL whitelisting for allowed destinations.
    • Disable risky features if unnecessary.
    • Regular SSRF audits.
    • Network segmentation to limit Matomo's internal access.

Threat: Local File Inclusion (LFI) or Remote File Inclusion (RFI) in Matomo or Plugins

  • Threat: Local File Inclusion (LFI) or Remote File Inclusion (RFI) in Matomo or Plugins
  • Description: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities to include arbitrary local or remote files into Matomo, potentially executing code or disclosing sensitive information.
  • Impact: Information disclosure (config files, source code), Remote Code Execution (RCE) via RFI, Denial of Service.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Core Matomo Code (PHP), Plugins, File Handling Modules.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical (Critical if RCE is possible)
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Keep Matomo and plugins updated.
    • Avoid user input in file paths.
    • Strict input validation for file paths.
    • Whitelisting for allowed file paths.
    • Disable PHP allow_url_include.
    • Regular LFI/RFI audits.
    • File system access controls.

Threat: Denial of Service (DoS) against Matomo Server (High Impact Scenarios)

  • Threat: Denial of Service (DoS) against Matomo Server
  • Description: Attackers overload the Matomo server with requests or exploit resource-intensive features to make it unavailable, impacting data collection and reporting.
  • Impact: Service unavailability, performance degradation, business disruption due to loss of analytics.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Web Server, Tracking API, Reporting Engine, Server Infrastructure.
  • Risk Severity: High (if service disruption has significant business impact)
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Rate limiting and request filtering.
    • Optimize Matomo configuration and database.
    • CDN for static assets.
    • Caching mechanisms.
    • Resource monitoring and alerts.
    • Cloud-based hosting with autoscaling.
    • Optimize database queries.

Threat: Authentication Bypass in Matomo Login

  • Threat: Authentication Bypass in Matomo Login
  • Description: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in Matomo's login process to gain unauthorized access to the Matomo interface without credentials.
  • Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data and admin functions, data breach, potential system compromise.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Authentication Module, Login Form, Session Management.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Keep Matomo updated.
    • Enforce strong password policies.
    • Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).
    • Regular authentication code audits.
    • WAF for bypass attempts.
    • Monitor login attempts.

Threat: Authorization Bypass within Matomo Interface (High Impact Scenarios)

  • Threat: Authorization Bypass within Matomo Interface
  • Description: Attackers bypass Matomo's authorization checks to access features or data beyond their assigned permissions, potentially gaining admin-level access.
  • Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data, privilege escalation to admin, data manipulation by unauthorized users.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Authorization Module, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), API Endpoints.
  • Risk Severity: High (if privilege escalation to admin is possible or sensitive data is exposed)
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Keep Matomo updated.
    • Thoroughly review RBAC configuration.
    • Principle of least privilege.
    • Regular user permission audits.
    • Penetration testing for authorization flaws.

Threat: Default Credentials or Weak Default Settings

  • Threat: Default Credentials or Weak Default Settings
  • Description: Attackers exploit unchanged default admin credentials or weak default settings to gain immediate administrative access to Matomo.
  • Impact: Full system compromise, data breach, malware deployment.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Installation Process, Default Configuration, Admin Account Setup.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Immediately change default admin credentials during install.
    • Harden default security settings.
    • Disable unnecessary default accounts/features.
    • Regular configuration audits.
    • Strong passwords for all accounts.

Threat: Vulnerabilities in Third-Party Matomo Plugins (High/Critical Impact)

  • Threat: Vulnerabilities in Third-Party Matomo Plugins
  • Description: Plugins contain vulnerabilities (XSS, SQLi, LFI/RFI, SSRF) that can compromise Matomo or tracked sites.
  • Impact: Data breach, RCE, website defacement, DoS, depending on the plugin vulnerability.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Third-Party Plugins, Plugin System.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical (depending on vulnerability and plugin impact)
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Install plugins from trusted sources only.
    • Review plugin descriptions and developer reputation.
    • Keep plugins updated.
    • Code review plugins if possible.
    • Minimize plugin usage.
    • Regular plugin vulnerability audits.

Threat: Malicious Plugins

  • Threat: Malicious Plugins
  • Description: Attackers distribute plugins designed to steal data, compromise the server, or inject malicious code into tracked sites.
  • Impact: Data theft, server compromise, malware distribution, reputation damage.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Plugin System, Plugin Installation.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Install plugins from official Matomo Marketplace or verified sources only.
    • Be extremely cautious with untrusted sources.
    • Verify developer reputation.
    • Check user reviews.
    • Code audit plugins if possible.
    • Security monitoring for plugin activity.

Threat: Insecure Matomo Configuration (High Impact Scenarios)

  • Threat: Insecure Matomo Configuration
  • Description: Misconfigured Matomo settings (file permissions, database credentials, disabled security features) increase vulnerability to attacks.
  • Impact: Increased vulnerability to various attacks, data breach, system compromise.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Configuration Files, Server Settings, Security Features.
  • Risk Severity: High (if misconfiguration leads to direct compromise vectors)
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Follow Matomo security best practices.
    • Strong passwords.
    • Restrict file permissions.
    • Disable unnecessary features.
    • Enable Matomo security features.
    • Regular configuration audits.
    • Configuration management tools.

Threat: Exposure of Matomo Admin Interface to Public Networks

  • Threat: Exposure of Matomo Admin Interface to Public Networks
  • Description: Publicly accessible admin interface allows brute-force attacks, vulnerability scanning, and exploitation.
  • Impact: Brute-force attacks, vulnerability exploitation, unauthorized admin access, full system compromise.
  • Affected Matomo Component: Web Server Configuration, Network Configuration, Admin Interface.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Restrict admin interface access by IP/network.
    • VPN or SSH tunnel for admin access.
    • WAF for admin interface protection.
    • Rate limiting and account lockout.
    • Monitor admin access logs.
    • Consider non-standard admin URL (secondary measure).