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Attack Tree Analysis for matomo-org/matomo

Objective: Exfiltrate sensitive user data, manipulate analytics data, or achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the server hosting Matomo, leveraging vulnerabilities or misconfigurations specific to Matomo.

Attack Tree Visualization

                                      Compromise Application via Matomo [CN]
                                                  |
        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |                                               |                                       |
  Exfiltrate Sensitive Data                            |                                Achieve RCE [CN]
        |                                               |                                       |
  -------|--------------------               -------------------------             --------|--------
  |      |                   |               |                        |             |       |
Plugin  Configuration   Tracking API        |                        Plugin      Super User
Vulns   Misconfig.     Abuse               |                        Vulns       Access [CN]
[HR]    [HR]            [HR]                |                        [HR]        |
  |      |                   |               |                        |        ----------|----------
  |      |                   |               |                        |        |                   |
  ...    ...                 ...             |                        |     Phishing [HR]     ...
                                                                        |
                                                                        ...

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Application via Matomo [CN]

  • Description: This represents the overall attacker objective and is the root of the entire attack tree. It signifies a successful compromise of the application using Matomo.
  • Likelihood: (Dependent on the success of sub-nodes)
  • Impact: Very High (Complete compromise of the application)
  • Effort: (Dependent on the chosen attack path)
  • Skill Level: (Dependent on the chosen attack path)
  • Detection Difficulty: (Dependent on the chosen attack path)

Attack Tree Path: Achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) [CN]

  • Description: This is a critical node representing the attacker gaining the ability to execute arbitrary code on the server hosting Matomo. This is the most severe outcome.
  • Likelihood: (Dependent on the success of sub-nodes)
  • Impact: Very High (Full server compromise, potential for lateral movement)
  • Effort: (Dependent on the chosen attack path)
  • Skill Level: (Dependent on the chosen attack path)
  • Detection Difficulty: Hard to Very Hard (Can be very stealthy)

Attack Tree Path: Super User Access [CN]

  • Description: Obtaining super user credentials grants the attacker extensive control over the Matomo instance, including the ability to install plugins, modify configurations, and potentially achieve RCE.
  • Likelihood: (Dependent on the success of sub-nodes)
  • Impact: Very High (Near-complete control of Matomo)
  • Effort: (Dependent on the chosen attack path)
  • Skill Level: (Dependent on the chosen attack path)
  • Detection Difficulty: (Dependent on the chosen attack path)

Attack Tree Path: Exfiltrate Sensitive Data - Plugin Vulnerabilities [HR]

  • Description: Exploiting vulnerabilities in third-party Matomo plugins to gain access to the Matomo database or intercept tracked data. Common vulnerabilities include SQL injection, XSS, and IDOR.
  • Likelihood: Medium to High
  • Impact: Medium to Very High
  • Effort: Low to Medium
  • Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard

Attack Tree Path: Exfiltrate Sensitive Data - Configuration Misconfigurations [HR]

  • Description: Leveraging incorrectly configured Matomo settings to expose sensitive data. Examples include weak credentials, exposed API, disabled HTTPS, and incorrect trusted_hosts settings.
  • Likelihood: Medium to High
  • Impact: Medium to Very High
  • Effort: Very Low to Low
  • Skill Level: Script Kiddie to Beginner
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy to Medium

Attack Tree Path: Exfiltrate Sensitive Data - Tracking API Abuse [HR]

  • Description: Exploiting an improperly secured tracking API to inject malicious JavaScript (leading to XSS on tracked websites) or to flood the API with fake data.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: Medium to High (affects users of tracked websites)
  • Effort: Low to Medium
  • Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: Achieve RCE - Plugin Vulnerabilities [HR]

  • Description: Exploiting vulnerabilities like file inclusion, insecure deserialization, or command injection within a plugin to execute arbitrary code on the server.
  • Likelihood: Low to Medium
  • Impact: Very High
  • Effort: Medium to High
  • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced
  • Detection Difficulty: Hard to Very Hard

Attack Tree Path: Super User Access - Phishing [HR]

  • Description: Tricking a Matomo super user into revealing their credentials through deceptive emails or websites.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: Very High
  • Effort: Low to Medium
  • Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium