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Attack Tree Analysis for owncloud/core

Objective: Gain unauthorized access and control over the OwnCloud application and its data by exploiting weaknesses or vulnerabilities within the OwnCloud Core.

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise OwnCloud Application via Core Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]
├───(OR) Exploit Code Vulnerabilities in Core [CRITICAL NODE]
│   ├───(OR) Code Injection Attacks [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   ├───(OR) SQL Injection [HIGH-RISK PATH] [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   ├───(OR) Command Injection [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   │   ├───(OR) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) [HIGH-RISK PATH] [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   ├───(OR) Stored XSS [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   │   │   ├───(OR) Reflected XSS [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   │   ├───(OR) Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   │   ├───(OR) Authentication and Authorization Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   ├───(OR) Authentication Bypass [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   │   │   ├───(OR) Authorization Bypass (Privilege Escalation) [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   │   ├───(OR) File Handling Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   ├───(OR) Path Traversal/Local File Inclusion (LFI) [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   │   │   ├───(OR) Arbitrary File Upload [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   │   ├───(OR) API Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   ├───(OR) API Authentication/Authorization Flaws [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   │   │   ├───(OR) API Input Validation Issues [HIGH-RISK PATH]
├───(OR) Abuse Core Features/Functionality in Unintended Ways
│   ├───(OR) Privilege Escalation via Feature Abuse [HIGH-RISK PATH]
├───(OR) Exploit Configuration Weaknesses in Core Deployment [CRITICAL NODE]
│   ├───(OR) Insecure Default Configuration [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   ├───(OR) Missing Security Headers [HIGH-RISK PATH]
│   ├───(OR) Insecure File Permissions [HIGH-RISK PATH]

Attack Tree Path: Compromise OwnCloud Application via Core Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]

  • This is the ultimate goal. It represents any successful attack that leverages weaknesses within the OwnCloud Core to gain control or access to the application and its data.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Code Vulnerabilities in Core [CRITICAL NODE]

  • This category encompasses attacks that directly exploit flaws in the programming code of OwnCloud Core. These flaws can be bugs, oversights, or insecure coding practices.

Attack Tree Path: Code Injection Attacks [CRITICAL NODE]

  • This is a class of vulnerabilities where attackers inject malicious code into the application, which is then executed by the server or client. * SQL Injection [HIGH-RISK PATH] [CRITICAL NODE]: * Attack Vector: Injecting malicious SQL queries into input fields or parameters that are not properly sanitized before being used in database queries. * Potential Impact: Data exfiltration, data modification, authentication bypass, and in some cases, remote command execution on the database server. * Command Injection [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Injecting malicious system commands into input fields or parameters that are used by the application to execute system commands. * Potential Impact: Remote code execution on the server, allowing the attacker to take complete control of the system.

Attack Tree Path: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) [HIGH-RISK PATH] [CRITICAL NODE]

  • This vulnerability allows attackers to inject malicious scripts, usually JavaScript, into web pages viewed by other users. * Stored XSS [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Injecting malicious scripts that are stored on the server (e.g., in the database, file system) and then executed when other users access the stored data. * Potential Impact: Account takeover, session hijacking, data theft, website defacement, and redirection to malicious sites. * Reflected XSS [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Injecting malicious scripts into URLs or form submissions that are reflected back by the server and executed in the user's browser. * Potential Impact: Credential theft, redirection to malicious sites, and website defacement. * Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Tricking a logged-in user into performing unintended actions on the application by crafting malicious requests. * Potential Impact: Unauthorized changes to user settings, data modification, privilege escalation, and in some cases, account takeover.

Attack Tree Path: Authentication and Authorization Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]

  • These vulnerabilities relate to flaws in how the application verifies user identity and manages access permissions. * Authentication Bypass [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Exploiting weaknesses in the login process or authentication mechanisms to gain access to the application without valid credentials. * Potential Impact: Full unauthorized access to the application and its data. * Authorization Bypass (Privilege Escalation) [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Exploiting flaws in the access control logic to gain access to resources or functionalities that the attacker is not authorized to access (e.g., accessing admin panels as a regular user). * Potential Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data, administrative control over the application, and potential for further compromise.

Attack Tree Path: File Handling Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]

  • These vulnerabilities arise from insecure handling of files by the application. * Path Traversal/Local File Inclusion (LFI) [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Manipulating file paths to access files outside of the intended directory, potentially including sensitive system files or application source code. * Potential Impact: Exposure of sensitive information, and in some cases, remote code execution if combined with other vulnerabilities (e.g., log poisoning). * Arbitrary File Upload [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Uploading malicious files, such as webshells, to the server by bypassing file type restrictions or other security checks. * Potential Impact: Remote code execution on the server, allowing the attacker to take complete control of the system.

Attack Tree Path: API Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Vulnerabilities specifically targeting the Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) exposed by OwnCloud Core. * API Authentication/Authorization Flaws [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Exploiting weaknesses in how APIs are authenticated and authorized, allowing unauthorized access to API endpoints. * Potential Impact: Data breaches, data manipulation, service disruption, and potential for further compromise through API access. * API Input Validation Issues [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Exploiting insufficient input validation in API endpoints, leading to injection attacks or denial of service. * Potential Impact: Injection vulnerabilities via APIs (SQL, command, etc.), denial of service attacks, and other API-specific vulnerabilities.

Attack Tree Path: Abuse Core Features/Functionality in Unintended Ways

  • Privilege Escalation via Feature Abuse [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Misusing intended features of OwnCloud Core, such as sharing or permission management, in a way that leads to unintended privilege escalation. * Potential Impact: A regular user gaining administrative privileges or access to other users' data by exploiting the logic of a legitimate feature.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Configuration Weaknesses in Core Deployment [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Taking advantage of insecure configurations in the deployed OwnCloud Core instance. * Insecure Default Configuration [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Exploiting default settings that are insecure, such as weak default passwords, exposed debug modes, or overly permissive default permissions. * Potential Impact: Initial access to the application, exposure of sensitive information, and easier exploitation of other vulnerabilities. * Missing Security Headers [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Leveraging the absence of important security headers in HTTP responses to facilitate other attacks like clickjacking or XSS. * Potential Impact: Increased vulnerability to other attacks, reduced overall security posture. * Insecure File Permissions [HIGH-RISK PATH]: * Attack Vector: Exploiting incorrect file system permissions on OwnCloud Core files and directories, allowing unauthorized access or modification. * Potential Impact: Access to sensitive configuration files, modification of core code, and potential for code execution if web server user has write access to web directories.