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Attack Tree Analysis for phacility/phabricator

Objective: Gain Unauthorized Access to Sensitive Data or Administrative Control over Phabricator Instance

Attack Tree Visualization

Goal: Gain Unauthorized Access to Sensitive Data or Administrative Control over Phabricator Instance ├── 1. Exploit Known Vulnerabilities (CVEs) │ ├── 1.1 Identify Unpatched Instance [CRITICAL NODE] │ ├── [HIGH-RISK PATH] 1.2 Exploit Specific CVE [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ ├── [HIGH-RISK PATH] 1.2.1 CVE-XXXX-YYYY (Example: RCE via Malicious File Upload) │ │ │ ├── 1.2.1.1 Craft Malicious File │ │ │ ├── 1.2.1.2 Bypass File Type/Content Validation │ │ │ └── 1.2.1.3 Trigger Vulnerability (e.g., access uploaded file) │ │ ├── [HIGH-RISK PATH] 1.2.2 CVE-AAAA-BBBB (Example: SQL Injection in Search Functionality) │ │ │ ├── 1.2.2.1 Identify Vulnerable Search Parameter │ │ │ ├── 1.2.2.2 Craft SQL Injection Payload │ │ │ └── 1.2.2.3 Execute Payload and Extract Data │ │ └── 1.2.3 CVE-CCCC-DDDD (Example: XSS in a specific module) │ │ ├── 1.2.3.1 Craft XSS payload │ │ ├── 1.2.3.2 Inject payload into vulnerable field │ │ └── 1.2.3.3 Steal cookies or redirect user ├── 2. Abuse Phabricator Features │ ├── [HIGH-RISK PATH] 2.1 Manipulate User Accounts [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ ├── [HIGH-RISK PATH] 2.1.1 Weak Password Guessing/Brute-Forcing │ │ ├── 2.1.3 Social Engineering to Obtain Credentials └── 3. Compromise Underlying Infrastructure ├── 3.1 Exploit Weaknesses in Server Configuration [CRITICAL NODE] │ ├── 3.1.1 Default Credentials for Database/Services

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Known Vulnerabilities (CVEs)

  • 1.1 Identify Unpatched Instance [CRITICAL NODE]
    • Description: The attacker determines if the Phabricator instance is running a vulnerable version. This is a prerequisite for exploiting known CVEs.
    • Methods:
      • Passive reconnaissance (examining HTTP headers, inspecting source code, reviewing changelogs, using search engines).
      • Active reconnaissance (probing for vulnerable endpoints, fuzzing API endpoints).
    • Mitigation: Keep Phabricator and all dependencies up-to-date.

Attack Tree Path: [HIGH-RISK PATH] 1.2 Exploit Specific CVE [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Description: The attacker leverages a publicly known vulnerability (CVE) to compromise the system.
    • Examples:
      • 1.2.1 CVE-XXXX-YYYY (RCE via Malicious File Upload):
        • Description: A vulnerability allows attackers to upload and execute arbitrary code by bypassing file upload restrictions.
        • Steps:
          1. Craft a malicious file (e.g., a PHP script disguised as an image).
          2. Bypass file type and content validation mechanisms.
          3. Trigger the vulnerability by accessing the uploaded file, leading to code execution.
        • Mitigation: Implement strict file type and content validation, store uploaded files outside the web root, and use a separate domain for file storage.
      • 1.2.2 CVE-AAAA-BBBB (SQL Injection in Search):
        • Description: A vulnerability in the search functionality allows attackers to inject malicious SQL code.
        • Steps:
          1. Identify a vulnerable search parameter.
          2. Craft a SQL injection payload to extract data or modify the database.
          3. Execute the payload through the search function.
        • Mitigation: Use parameterized queries (prepared statements) for all database interactions. Implement input validation and output encoding.
      • 1.2.3 CVE-CCCC-DDDD (XSS in a specific module):
        • Description: A vulnerability in a specific module allows attackers to inject malicious JavaScript code.
        • Steps:
          1. Craft an XSS payload (JavaScript code).
          2. Inject the payload into a vulnerable field (e.g., a comment field, a profile field).
          3. When another user views the injected content, the JavaScript executes, potentially stealing cookies or redirecting the user.
        • Mitigation: Implement robust input validation and output encoding (context-aware escaping). Use a Content Security Policy (CSP).

Attack Tree Path: 2. Abuse Phabricator Features

Attack Tree Path: [HIGH-RISK PATH] 2.1 Manipulate User Accounts [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Description: The attacker gains unauthorized access to user accounts, potentially including administrative accounts.
    • Methods:
      • [HIGH-RISK PATH] 2.1.1 Weak Password Guessing/Brute-Forcing:
        • Description: The attacker attempts to guess user passwords by trying common passwords or systematically trying all possible combinations.
        • Mitigation: Enforce strong password policies (length, complexity), implement account lockout after multiple failed login attempts, and use multi-factor authentication (MFA).
      • 2.1.3 Social Engineering to Obtain Credentials:
        • Description: The attacker tricks users into revealing their credentials through phishing emails, phone calls, or other deceptive techniques.
        • Mitigation: User education and awareness training on recognizing and avoiding phishing and social engineering attacks.
      • Mitigation (General for 2.1): Strong password policies, MFA, rate limiting, secure password reset mechanisms, and user education.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Compromise Underlying Infrastructure

Attack Tree Path: 3.1 Exploit Weaknesses in Server Configuration [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Description: The attacker exploits misconfigurations in the server environment to gain access.
    • Methods:
      • 3.1.1 Default Credentials for Database/Services:
        • Description: The attacker uses default, unchanged credentials for the database (e.g., MySQL) or other services to gain access.
        • Mitigation: Change all default credentials immediately after installation. Use strong, unique passwords for all services.
      • Mitigation (General for 3.1): Harden server configuration, change default credentials, ensure proper file permissions, restrict network access to services, and keep the operating system and all software up-to-date.