Objective: Compromise Application via PHPSpreadsheet
Attack Goal: [CRITICAL NODE] Compromise Application via PHPSpreadsheet [HIGH RISK PATH] ├───[AND] 1. [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Vulnerability in PHPSpreadsheet [HIGH RISK PATH] │ ├───[OR] 1.1. Exploit File Parsing Vulnerabilities │ │ ├───[OR] 1.1.1. Exploit Format-Specific Parsing Bugs │ │ │ ├───[OR] 1.1.1.2. [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit CSV Parsing Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ ├───[OR] 1.1.1.2.1. [CRITICAL NODE] CSV Injection (Formula Injection) [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ │ ├───[AND] 1.1.1.2.1.1. Upload Malicious CSV File with Formula Payload [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ │ └───[AND] 1.1.1.2.1.2. [CRITICAL NODE] Application Processes CSV Data without Sanitization [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ ├───[OR] 1.1.2. Exploit General File Handling Issues │ │ │ │ ├───[OR] 1.1.2.1. [CRITICAL NODE] Denial of Service (DoS) via Malicious File [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ │ ├───[AND] 1.1.2.1.1. [CRITICAL NODE] Upload Extremely Large or Complex Spreadsheet File [HIGH RISK PATH] │ ├───[OR] 1.4. [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Logical Vulnerabilities in PHPSpreadsheet API Usage (Application Side) [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ ├───[AND] 1.4.1. [CRITICAL NODE] Insecure Data Handling after PHPSpreadsheet Processing [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ ├───[AND] 1.4.1.1. [CRITICAL NODE] SQL Injection via Unsanitized Spreadsheet Data [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ ├───[AND] 1.4.1.1.2. [CRITICAL NODE] Application Uses Spreadsheet Data in SQL Queries without Proper Sanitization [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ ├───[AND] 1.4.1.2. [CRITICAL NODE] Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Unsanitized Spreadsheet Data [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ ├───[AND] 1.4.1.2.2. [CRITICAL NODE] Application Displays Spreadsheet Data in Web Page without Proper Encoding [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ ├───[OR] 1.4.2. [CRITICAL NODE] Insecure File Upload/Processing Workflow [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ ├───[AND] 1.4.2.1. Unrestricted File Upload leading to Malicious File Execution (Broader application issue, but related to file processing) │ │ │ │ │ └───[AND] 1.4.2.1.2. [CRITICAL NODE] Application Executes Uploaded Files [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ ├───[AND] 1.4.2.2. [CRITICAL NODE] Inadequate Input Validation on Spreadsheet Content [HIGH RISK PATH] │ │ │ │ │ └───[AND] 1.4.2.2.2. [CRITICAL NODE] Application Fails to Validate Spreadsheet Data Appropriately [HIGH RISK PATH]
Attack Tree Path: CSV Injection Path
Attack Vector: CSV Injection (Formula Injection)
* Description: An attacker crafts a malicious CSV file containing spreadsheet formulas (e.g., starting with =, @, +, -).
* Exploitation Steps:
* Attacker uploads the malicious CSV file to the application.
* The application processes the CSV data and potentially allows users to download or open it in spreadsheet software (like Excel or LibreOffice).
* If the application fails to sanitize the CSV data before download, when a user opens the CSV, the spreadsheet software will execute the injected formulas.
* These formulas can potentially perform actions on the user's machine, such as:
* Executing commands on the user's operating system.
* Exfiltrating data from the user's machine.
* Modifying data on the user's machine.
* Critical Nodes in this Path:
* Exploit CSV Parsing Vulnerabilities: Targeting weaknesses in how CSV files are processed.
* CSV Injection (Formula Injection): The specific vulnerability being exploited.
* Application Processes CSV Data without Sanitization: The application's failure to prevent formula injection.
* Upload Malicious CSV File with Formula Payload: The attacker's action to introduce the malicious input.
Attack Tree Path: DoS via Large File Path
Attack Vector: Denial of Service (DoS) via Resource Exhaustion * Description: An attacker aims to make the application unavailable by overloading its resources. * Exploitation Steps: * Attacker uploads an extremely large spreadsheet file (e.g., many rows, columns, complex formulas) or a file with a structure that is computationally expensive to parse. * The application uses PHPSpreadsheet to process this file. * PHPSpreadsheet consumes excessive server resources (CPU, memory, disk I/O) during parsing and processing. * This resource exhaustion can lead to: * Slow application response times. * Application crashes. * Server overload, making the application unavailable to legitimate users. * Critical Nodes in this Path: * Denial of Service (DoS) via Malicious File: The type of attack being performed. * Upload Extremely Large or Complex Spreadsheet File: The attacker's action to trigger the DoS.
Attack Tree Path: SQL Injection Path
Attack Vector: SQL Injection * Description: An attacker injects malicious SQL code into database queries through data extracted from a spreadsheet. * Exploitation Steps: * Attacker uploads a spreadsheet file containing malicious SQL code within cell values. * The application uses PHPSpreadsheet to read data from the spreadsheet. * The application fails to sanitize or parameterize this spreadsheet data when constructing SQL queries. * The malicious SQL code is executed by the database, allowing the attacker to: * Read sensitive data from the database. * Modify or delete data in the database. * Potentially gain control over the database server or the application. * Critical Nodes in this Path: * Exploit Logical Vulnerabilities in PHPSpreadsheet API Usage (Application Side): Targeting weaknesses in how the application uses the library. * Insecure Data Handling after PHPSpreadsheet Processing: The general problem of not securing data after reading it from a spreadsheet. * SQL Injection via Unsanitized Spreadsheet Data: The specific vulnerability being exploited. * Application Uses Spreadsheet Data in SQL Queries without Proper Sanitization: The application's failure to prevent SQL injection.
Attack Tree Path: XSS Path
Attack Vector: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
* Description: An attacker injects malicious JavaScript code into a spreadsheet, which is then executed in a user's browser when the application displays the spreadsheet data.
* Exploitation Steps:
* Attacker uploads a spreadsheet file containing malicious JavaScript code within cell values (e.g., <script>alert('XSS')</script>).
* The application uses PHPSpreadsheet to read data from the spreadsheet.
* The application fails to properly encode this spreadsheet data before displaying it in a web page.
* When a user views the web page, the browser executes the malicious JavaScript code, allowing the attacker to:
* Steal user session cookies.
* Redirect users to malicious websites.
* Deface the web page.
* Perform actions on behalf of the user.
* Critical Nodes in this Path:
* Exploit Logical Vulnerabilities in PHPSpreadsheet API Usage (Application Side): Targeting weaknesses in application usage.
* Insecure Data Handling after PHPSpreadsheet Processing: The general problem of not securing data after reading it from a spreadsheet.
* Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Unsanitized Spreadsheet Data: The specific vulnerability being exploited.
* Application Displays Spreadsheet Data in Web Page without Proper Encoding: The application's failure to prevent XSS.
Attack Tree Path: Malicious File Execution Path
Attack Vector: Malicious File Execution * Description: An attacker uploads a malicious file disguised as a spreadsheet, and the application mistakenly executes it. * Exploitation Steps: * Attacker attempts to upload a malicious file (e.g., PHP script, shell script, executable) while potentially using a spreadsheet file extension to bypass basic file type checks. * The application fails to properly validate the file type based on its content and/or incorrectly configures the web server or application to execute uploaded files. * The malicious file is executed by the server, allowing the attacker to: * Gain complete control over the web server. * Access sensitive data on the server. * Compromise the entire application and potentially the underlying infrastructure. * Critical Nodes in this Path: * Insecure File Upload/Processing Workflow: The overall insecure handling of file uploads. * Application Executes Uploaded Files: The critical application misconfiguration that allows code execution.
Attack Tree Path: Inadequate Input Validation Path
Attack Vector: Logic Flaws and Data Corruption due to Inadequate Validation * Description: The application fails to properly validate the content of the spreadsheet, leading to unexpected behavior or vulnerabilities. * Exploitation Steps: * Attacker uploads a spreadsheet file with unexpected or malicious content that is not directly an exploit, but causes issues due to lack of validation. This could include: * Unexpected data types in cells. * Data outside of expected ranges. * Excessive amounts of data. * Specific characters or formatting that breaks application logic. * The application fails to validate this spreadsheet data appropriately. * This lack of validation can lead to: * Application errors and crashes. * Data corruption within the application. * Logic flaws that can be further exploited. * Unexpected application behavior that might reveal sensitive information or create new attack vectors. * Critical Nodes in this Path: * Insecure File Upload/Processing Workflow: The broader issue of insecure file handling. * Inadequate Input Validation on Spreadsheet Content: The specific weakness of not validating spreadsheet data. * Application Fails to Validate Spreadsheet Data Appropriately: The application's failure to perform necessary validation.