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Attack Tree Analysis for tymondesigns/jwt-auth

Objective: To gain unauthorized access to resources or privileges within the application protected by tymondesigns/jwt-auth by exploiting high-risk vulnerabilities or critical weaknesses.

Attack Tree Visualization

                                     Compromise Application using jwt-auth
                                                    |
        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |                                               |                                               |
  1.  Token Forgery/Manipulation                  2.  Token Leakage/Interception                 3.  Exploit Library Vulnerabilities
        |                                               |                                               |
  ---------------------                       -----------------------------------             ---------------------------------------
  |                   |                       |                 |                 |             |                     |
1.1 Weak Secret   1.2 Algorithm               2.1  MITM       2.2 Client-Side   2.3 Server-Side  3.1 Known CVEs      3.3 Configuration
      Key [CRITICAL] Substitution                (Implicitly     Storage           Storage          (Past/Present)     Errors in jwt-auth
        |                   |                    Critical)      Vulnerabilities   Vulnerabilities      |                     |
  -------             ---------                                     |                 |             -------             ---------
  |       |           |                                         -------         -------         |       |
1.1.1   1.1.2       1.2.2                                     2.2.1 XSS     2.3.1 Log Files   3.1.1   3.1.2         3.3.1   3.3.2
Brute   Predictable  None  [CRITICAL]                             [HIGH RISK]   [HIGH RISK]   Specific  Specific        Invalid   Incorrect
Force   Secret       Algorithm                                     |             |             CVE     CVE           TTL     Refresh
[HIGH    [HIGH RISK]                                           -------         -------         [HIGH    [HIGH RISK]   Settings  Token
 RISK]                                                                                              RISK]                 [HIGH    [HIGH RISK]
                                                                                                                                RISK]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Token Forgery/Manipulation

  • 1.1 Weak Secret Key [CRITICAL]

    • Description: The foundation of JWT security. A weak or compromised secret key allows attackers to forge valid tokens.
    • 1.1.1 Brute Force [HIGH RISK]
      • Description: The attacker tries many different keys until one works. Feasible if the secret is short or has low entropy.
      • Likelihood: Low (if a strong key is used), High (if a weak key is used)
      • Impact: Very High (complete compromise)
      • Effort: High (for strong keys), Low (for weak keys)
      • Skill Level: Beginner (for weak keys), Advanced (for strong keys)
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium (failed login attempts might be logged)
    • 1.1.2 Predictable Secret [HIGH RISK]
      • Description: The secret is based on something easily guessable (e.g., "secret", the application name, a dictionary word).
      • Likelihood: Low (if developers follow best practices), Medium (if poor practices are used)
      • Impact: Very High (complete compromise)
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Beginner
      • Detection Difficulty: Hard (unless the secret is exposed publicly)

  • 1.2 Algorithm Substitution

    • 1.2.2 None Algorithm [CRITICAL]
      • Description: The attacker sets the algorithm to "none," indicating no signature. A poorly configured server might accept this, bypassing all signature verification.
      • Likelihood: Very Low (if the library is properly configured)
      • Impact: Very High (complete compromise)
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Beginner
      • Detection Difficulty: Easy (if the server logs invalid tokens)

Attack Tree Path: 2. Token Leakage/Interception

  • 2.1 MITM (Implicitly Critical)

    • Description: Although not explicitly in the sub-tree if HTTPS is correctly implemented, the absence of HTTPS or a misconfiguration makes this a critical and easily exploitable vulnerability. The attacker intercepts the token during transmission.
    • Likelihood: Low (if HTTPS is properly implemented), High (if HTTP is used or HTTPS is misconfigured)
    • Impact: High (token compromise)
    • Effort: Medium
    • Skill Level: Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Hard (without specialized network monitoring)

  • 2.2 Client-Side Storage Vulnerabilities

    • 2.2.1 XSS [HIGH RISK]
      • Description: An attacker injects malicious JavaScript into the application, which can then access the token if it's stored in a place accessible to JavaScript (e.g., localStorage, sessionStorage, or a non-HttpOnly cookie).
      • Likelihood: Medium (depends on the application's overall security)
      • Impact: High (token compromise)
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium (if WAF or security tools are in place)

  • 2.3 Server-Side Storage Vulnerabilities

    • 2.3.1 Log Files [HIGH RISK]
      • Description: The token is accidentally logged (e.g., in request logs).
      • Likelihood: Low (if logging is properly configured), Medium (if developers are careless)
      • Impact: High (token compromise)
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Beginner
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium (if logs are regularly reviewed)

Attack Tree Path: 3. Exploit Library Vulnerabilities

  • 3.1 Known CVEs (Past/Present)

    • 3.1.1, 3.1.2 Specific CVE [HIGH RISK]
      • Description: Publicly disclosed vulnerabilities in the jwt-auth library.
      • Likelihood: Medium (if the library is not updated), Very Low (if the library is updated)
      • Impact: Varies (depends on the specific CVE), potentially Very High
      • Effort: Varies (depends on the specific CVE), potentially Low
      • Skill Level: Varies (depends on the specific CVE), potentially Script Kiddie
      • Detection Difficulty: Varies (depends on the specific CVE), potentially Easy (if intrusion detection systems are in place)

  • 3.3 Configuration Errors in jwt-auth

    • 3.3.1 Invalid TTL Settings [HIGH RISK]
      • Description: Tokens are valid for too long, increasing the window of opportunity for an attacker if a token is compromised.
      • Likelihood: Medium (if developers don't understand token lifetimes)
      • Impact: Medium (increased window of opportunity for attackers)
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Beginner
      • Detection Difficulty: Hard (unless token usage patterns are closely monitored)
    • 3.3.2 Incorrect Refresh Token Handling [HIGH RISK]
      • Description: Refresh tokens are not properly validated or are vulnerable to replay attacks, leading to persistent unauthorized access.
      • Likelihood: Medium (if developers don't understand refresh token best practices)
      • Impact: High (potential for long-term unauthorized access)
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Hard (unless refresh token usage patterns are closely monitored)