Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
128 lines (102 loc) · 9.62 KB

attack-tree.md

File metadata and controls

128 lines (102 loc) · 9.62 KB

Attack Tree Analysis for walkor/workerman

Objective: Goal: To gain unauthorized remote code execution (RCE) on the server running the Workerman application, leading to complete server compromise.***

Attack Tree Visualization

[Gain Unauthorized RCE on Server]***
    |
    |-----------------------------------
    |                                 |
[Exploit Workerman Vulnerabilities]      [Exploit Misconfigurations/Poor Practices]***
                                 |
                -----------------------------------
                |                 |                 |
        [4. Weak/    [5. Unprotected [6. Insecure
         Default     Management      Dependency
         Credentials] Interface]      Management]
                |                 |                 |
      ----------|----------   -----|-----      -----|----- 
      |        |            |         |      |         |
    [4a.   [4b.         [5a.   [5b.   [6a.   [6b.
    Hard-  No           Exposed  Lack of  Outdated  Vulnerable
    coded   Auth/        Admin    Input    Dependency Dependency
    Creds]  Access       Panel    Validation] with     with
            Control]                      Known    Known
                                          CVEs]    CVEs,
                                                   but not
                                                   patched]

Attack Tree Path: Critical Node: [Gain Unauthorized RCE on Server]***

  • Description: This is the ultimate objective of the attacker. Achieving RCE allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
  • Impact: Very High. Full control of the server, data exfiltration, data destruction, launching further attacks, etc.
  • Why Critical: This is the root node representing the worst-case scenario.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: [Exploit Misconfigurations/Poor Practices]***

  • Description: This branch represents vulnerabilities arising from improper configuration or insecure coding practices by the application developers, not inherent flaws in Workerman itself. This is a high-risk area because human error is common.
  • Likelihood: High. Developers often make mistakes, especially when under pressure or lacking security awareness.
  • Impact: High to Very High (depending on the specific misconfiguration).
  • Effort: Low to Medium. Exploiting misconfigurations is often easier than finding and exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities.
  • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate. Many misconfigurations are well-documented and easily exploited.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Some misconfigurations (e.g., exposed admin panels) are easily detectable, while others (e.g., subtle logic flaws) are harder to find.
  • Why Critical: This is a critical node because it represents the most common and often easiest path to compromise.

Attack Tree Path: Sub-Node: [4. Weak/Default Credentials]

  • Description: Using default or easily guessable credentials for administrative interfaces, databases, or other services exposed by the Workerman application.
  • Likelihood: High. Default credentials are often left unchanged, especially in development or testing environments that are accidentally exposed.
  • Impact: High to Very High. Direct access to administrative interfaces or databases can lead to complete compromise.
  • Effort: Very Low. Tools can automate credential stuffing and brute-force attacks.
  • Skill Level: Novice. Requires minimal technical skill.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Failed login attempts might be logged, but successful logins with default credentials will appear legitimate unless further monitoring is in place.

Attack Tree Path: Sub-Node: [4a. Hard-coded Credentials]

  • Description: Embedding credentials directly within the application's source code.
  • Likelihood: Medium. While a bad practice, it's surprisingly common, especially in smaller projects or during rapid development.
  • Impact: Very High. If the source code is leaked (e.g., through a misconfigured Git repository), the credentials are exposed.
  • Effort: Very Low. Requires only access to the source code.
  • Skill Level: Novice.
  • Detection Difficulty: Hard. Requires code review or static analysis tools.

Attack Tree Path: Sub-Node: [4b. No Auth/Access Control]

  • Description: Failing to implement any authentication or authorization mechanisms for sensitive parts of the application.
  • Likelihood: Low to Medium. More likely in internal tools or APIs that are mistakenly exposed.
  • Impact: Very High. Allows anyone to access and potentially modify sensitive data or functionality.
  • Effort: Very Low. Simply accessing the unprotected endpoint.
  • Skill Level: Novice.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Unusual access patterns might be detected, but the lack of authentication itself is a clear vulnerability.

Attack Tree Path: Sub-Node: [5. Unprotected Management Interface]

  • Description: Workerman or related tools might provide a web-based management interface. If this interface is exposed to the internet without proper authentication or access control, it's a high-risk target.
  • Likelihood: Medium. Depends on the specific configuration and deployment.
  • Impact: High to Very High. Management interfaces often provide powerful capabilities that can be abused.
  • Effort: Low. Finding the interface might require some reconnaissance, but exploiting it is often straightforward.
  • Skill Level: Intermediate.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Access logs might reveal unauthorized access, but the attacker might try to blend in with legitimate traffic.

Attack Tree Path: Sub-Node: [5a. Exposed Admin Panel]

  • Description: The admin panel is accessible without any authentication or with easily bypassed authentication.
  • Likelihood: Medium. Depends on deployment practices and awareness of security best practices.
  • Impact: Very High. Direct access to administrative functions.
  • Effort: Low. Often just requires knowing the URL.
  • Skill Level: Novice.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Unusual access patterns or failed login attempts might be logged.

Attack Tree Path: Sub-Node: [5b. Lack of Input Validation]

  • Description: Even if the management interface is authenticated, vulnerabilities like SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), or command injection could exist if input is not properly validated and sanitized.
  • Likelihood: Medium. Developers might focus on functionality and overlook input validation in internal tools.
  • Impact: High to Very High. Could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or access sensitive data.
  • Effort: Medium. Requires some knowledge of web application vulnerabilities.
  • Skill Level: Intermediate.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard. Requires careful monitoring of logs and potentially intrusion detection systems.

Attack Tree Path: Sub-Node: [6. Insecure Dependency Management]

  • Description: Workerman, like any software, may rely on third-party libraries. If these libraries have known vulnerabilities, the application is also vulnerable.
  • Likelihood: Medium to High. Dependencies are often overlooked, and vulnerabilities are frequently discovered in popular libraries.
  • Impact: Variable (Low to Very High). Depends on the specific vulnerability in the dependency.
  • Effort: Variable (Low to High). Exploiting a known vulnerability is often easier than finding a new one.
  • Skill Level: Variable (Novice to Expert). Depends on the complexity of the vulnerability.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Vulnerability scanners can identify outdated dependencies, but zero-day exploits are harder to detect.

Attack Tree Path: Sub-Node: [6a. Outdated Dependency with Known CVEs]

  • Description: Using a version of a library with a publicly known vulnerability (CVE).
  • Likelihood: Medium. Many organizations are slow to update dependencies.
  • Impact: Variable (Low to Very High). Depends on the specific CVE.
  • Effort: Low. Exploits for known CVEs are often publicly available.
  • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Vulnerability scanners can easily detect this.

Attack Tree Path: Sub-Node: [6b. Vulnerable Dependency with Known CVEs, but not patched]

  • Description: Knowing about a vulnerability but failing to apply the available patch.
  • Likelihood: Medium. Patching can be disruptive or time-consuming.
  • Impact: Variable (Low to Very High). Depends on the specific CVE.
  • Effort: Low. Exploits for known CVEs are often publicly available.
  • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Vulnerability scanners can easily detect this.