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Threat Model Analysis for yiisoft/yii2

Threat: Outdated Yii2 Version

  • Description: Exploiting known security vulnerabilities present in older versions of the Yii2 framework. Attackers can leverage public exploits to compromise applications running outdated Yii2.
  • Impact: Remote Code Execution (RCE), Data Breach, Denial of Service (DoS).
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Yii2 Core Framework.
  • Risk Severity: Critical to High.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Update Yii2: Regularly update to the latest stable Yii2 version, including patch releases.
    • Security Monitoring: Subscribe to Yii2 security advisories and release notes.

Threat: Vulnerabilities in Yii2 Core Components

  • Description: Exploiting undiscovered or newly discovered vulnerabilities within the core Yii2 framework code itself (e.g., router, request handling, security components).
  • Impact: Remote Code Execution (RCE), Data Breach, Denial of Service (DoS).
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Yii2 Core Framework (router, request, security, db, etc.).
  • Risk Severity: Critical to High.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Stay Updated: Apply Yii2 security updates and patches promptly.
    • Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing.
    • WAF: Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) for protection.

Threat: Deserialization Vulnerabilities

  • Description: Exploiting insecure deserialization practices, potentially by injecting malicious serialized data into the application, if developers misuse deserialization features in Yii2 or vulnerabilities exist in underlying PHP serialization.
  • Impact: Remote Code Execution (RCE).
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Potentially any component using unserialize() if misused.
  • Risk Severity: Critical.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Avoid Deserialization: Avoid deserializing untrusted data.
    • Validate Data: If necessary, carefully validate and sanitize data before deserialization.
    • Use JSON: Prefer JSON or other safer data formats over PHP serialization.

Threat: Debug Mode Enabled in Production

  • Description: Accessing sensitive information exposed by Yii2's debug mode being enabled in a production environment, aiding reconnaissance and further attacks.
  • Impact: Information Disclosure (application paths, database credentials if misconfigured, internal code structure).
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Yii2 Debug Module, Application Configuration.
  • Risk Severity: High.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Disable Debug Mode: Ensure debug mode is disabled in production configuration (YII_DEBUG=false or 'debug' => false in web.php).
    • Configuration Review: Regularly review production configuration to confirm debug mode is off.

Threat: Insecure Cookie Configuration

  • Description: Exploiting misconfigured cookie settings in Yii2 to perform session hijacking or other cookie-related attacks.
  • Impact: Session Hijacking, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) amplification.
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Yii2 Request Component (cookie configuration), Session Component.
  • Risk Severity: High.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Secure Cookie Flags: Properly configure cookie settings in Yii2's request component, setting httpOnly and secure flags.
    • Strong Validation Key: Generate strong, unpredictable cookie validation keys in Yii2 configuration.
    • HTTPS: Enforce HTTPS to protect cookie transmission.

Threat: Exposed .env or Configuration Files

  • Description: Gaining access to sensitive configuration files (like .env) containing credentials and secrets due to web server misconfiguration or improper access control.
  • Impact: Direct access to sensitive credentials (database passwords, API keys), leading to full application compromise.
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Application Configuration Files, Web Server Configuration.
  • Risk Severity: Critical.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Web Server Configuration: Prevent direct web access to configuration files via web server configuration (e.g., deny access to .env in web root).
    • Secure Storage: Store sensitive configuration outside the web root and access it securely via environment variables.
    • .gitignore: Exclude sensitive files from version control using .gitignore.

Threat: Insecure File Upload Configuration

  • Description: Uploading malicious files due to insecure file upload configurations in Yii2 applications, potentially leading to remote code execution.
  • Impact: Remote Code Execution (RCE), Defacement, Data Breach.
  • Affected Yii2 Component: File Upload Handling (controllers, actions, models), File Helper.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Strict Validation: Implement strict file upload validation (file type, size, MIME type) using Yii2 validation features.
    • Non-Executable Storage: Store uploaded files outside the web root.
    • Secure Serving: Serve uploaded files through a secure mechanism preventing direct execution.

Threat: Vulnerable Yii2 Extensions

  • Description: Exploiting known vulnerabilities in Yii2 extensions used by the application, similar to core framework vulnerabilities.
  • Impact: Remote Code Execution (RCE), Data Breach, Denial of Service (DoS).
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Yii2 Extensions (specific extension components).
  • Risk Severity: Critical to High.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Vet Extensions: Carefully vet Yii2 extensions before use, choosing reputable and maintained ones.
    • Update Extensions: Regularly update extensions to their latest versions.
    • Security Monitoring: Monitor security advisories for used Yii2 extensions.

Threat: Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities (Active Record Misuse)

  • Description: Manipulating input data to modify unintended model attributes due to improper Active Record configuration in Yii2, bypassing intended data constraints.
  • Impact: Privilege Escalation, Data Manipulation.
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Yii2 Active Record, Models, Controllers.
  • Risk Severity: High.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Define Safe Attributes: Carefully define safe attributes in Active Record models using scenarios and validation rules.
    • Controlled Assignment: Use load() with specific attribute lists or scenarios to control attribute assignment.
    • Input Validation: Validate user input before assigning to model attributes.

Threat: Insecure Use of Query Builders or Raw SQL

  • Description: Injecting malicious SQL code due to insecure use of raw SQL queries or improper usage of Yii2's query builder, bypassing intended SQL injection protection.
  • Impact: SQL Injection, Data Breach, Data Manipulation.
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Yii2 DB Component, Query Builder, Active Record, Controllers, Models.
  • Risk Severity: Critical to High.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Use Query Builder/Active Record: Primarily use Yii2's query builder and Active Record.
    • Parameterized Queries: Always use parameterized queries or prepared statements for user input in SQL.
    • Avoid Raw SQL: Minimize or eliminate the use of raw SQL queries.

Threat: Weak Password Hashing Configuration

  • Description: Compromising user passwords due to weak password hashing algorithms or configurations in Yii2's security component.
  • Impact: Compromised User Passwords, Account Takeovers.
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Yii2 Security Component (password hashing).
  • Risk Severity: High.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Strong Hashing Algorithm: Use strong password hashing algorithms like bcrypt or Argon2 configured in Yii2's security component.
    • Secure Configuration: Ensure Yii2's security component is configured for secure password hashing.

Threat: Insecure Authentication Logic

  • Description: Bypassing or exploiting flaws in custom authentication logic or misuse of Yii2's authentication components, leading to unauthorized access.
  • Impact: Bypassing Authentication, Unauthorized Access.
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Yii2 Auth Component, User Component, Controllers, Models, Custom Authentication Logic.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Review Custom Logic: Thoroughly review and test custom authentication logic.
    • Use Yii2 Auth Features: Utilize Yii2's built-in authentication features and follow security best practices.
    • MFA: Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for enhanced security.

Threat: Insufficient Authorization Checks

  • Description: Gaining unauthorized access to resources or functionalities due to missing or insufficient authorization checks in Yii2 applications, leading to privilege escalation.
  • Impact: Unauthorized Access, Privilege Escalation.
  • Affected Yii2 Component: Yii2 Auth Component (RBAC), Access Control Filter (ACF), Controllers, Models, Custom Authorization Logic.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical.
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Implement Authorization: Implement robust authorization checks at all relevant points (controllers, actions).
    • Use RBAC/ACF: Utilize Yii2's RBAC system or Access Control Filter for authorization.
    • Least Privilege: Follow the principle of least privilege, granting only necessary permissions.