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Attack Tree Analysis for yiisoft/yii2

Objective: Gain Unauthorized Admin Access OR Exfiltrate Sensitive Data (via Yii2-Specific Vulnerabilities)

Attack Tree Visualization

Goal: Gain Unauthorized Admin Access OR Exfiltrate Sensitive Data (via Yii2-Specific Vulnerabilities)

├── 1. Exploit Debug Mode Misconfiguration [HIGH RISK]
│   ├── 1.1. Access Debug Toolbar [CRITICAL]
│   │   ├── 1.1.1. Enumerate Application Configuration (DB credentials, API keys, etc.) [CRITICAL]
│   │   ├── 1.1.2. View Request/Response Data (including session tokens, user data)
│   │   ├── 1.1.3. Execute Arbitrary Code via Debug Toolbar Features (if available) [CRITICAL]
│   │   └── 1.1.4. Leverage Profiling Information
│   ├── 1.2. Access Gii Code Generator (if enabled in production) [CRITICAL] [HIGH RISK]
│   │   ├── 1.2.1. Generate Malicious Models/Controllers/CRUD Operations [CRITICAL]
│   │   ├── 1.2.2. Overwrite Existing Files with Malicious Code [CRITICAL]
│   │   └── 1.2.3. Expose Sensitive Data through Generated Views
│   └── 1.3. Access Yii2 Log Files (if exposed)
│       └── 1.3.1. Extract Sensitive Information (passwords, API keys, user data) [CRITICAL]
├── 2. RBAC Component (`yii\rbac`) [HIGH RISK]
│   └── 2.2.1. Exploit Misconfigured RBAC Rules (overly permissive rules)
├── 3. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Yii2 Extensions [HIGH RISK]
│   └── 3.3. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Custom or Third-Party Extensions [CRITICAL]
├── 4. Exploit Yii2 Core Vulnerabilities
│   └── 4.2.  Exploit Zero-Day Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL]
└── 5. Leverage Yii2's Features for Malicious Purposes (Misuse)
    └── 5.1.  Use Yii2's Console Commands for Malicious Actions [HIGH RISK] [CRITICAL]
        ├── 5.1.1 Run arbitrary commands. [CRITICAL]
        └── 5.1.2 Modify files. [CRITICAL]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Debug Mode Misconfiguration [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: Attackers leverage the Yii2 debug mode, which is often accidentally left enabled in production environments. This mode exposes sensitive information and tools that can be used for further exploitation.
  • Attack Vectors:
    • 1.1. Access Debug Toolbar [CRITICAL]:
      • Description: The attacker accesses the Yii2 debug toolbar, a web-based interface providing detailed information about the application's execution.
      • Steps:
        1. Attempt to access the debug toolbar URL (typically /debug/default/index).
        2. If successful, proceed to exploit the toolbar's features.
      • 1.1.1. Enumerate Application Configuration [CRITICAL]:
        • Description: The attacker uses the debug toolbar to view the application's configuration, including database credentials, API keys, and other secrets.
        • Steps:
          1. Navigate to the configuration section of the debug toolbar.
          2. Extract sensitive information.
      • 1.1.2. View Request/Response Data:
        • Description: The attacker examines request and response data, potentially revealing session tokens, user data, or other sensitive information.
        • Steps:
          1. Use the toolbar to inspect requests and responses.
          2. Identify and extract sensitive data.
      • 1.1.3. Execute Arbitrary Code [CRITICAL]:
        • Description: If the debug toolbar includes features like database query execution or code evaluation, the attacker uses these to execute arbitrary code on the server.
        • Steps:
          1. Identify code execution features within the toolbar.
          2. Craft and execute malicious code.
      • 1.1.4. Leverage Profiling Information:
        • Description: The attacker uses profiling data (e.g., execution times) to identify potential vulnerabilities or perform timing attacks.
        • Steps:
          1. Analyze profiling data from the toolbar.
          2. Use the information to plan further attacks.
    • 1.2. Access Gii Code Generator [CRITICAL] [HIGH RISK]:
      • Description: The attacker accesses the Gii code generator, a tool for generating Yii2 code (models, controllers, CRUD operations). If enabled in production, it's a major security risk.
      • Steps:
        1. Attempt to access the Gii URL (typically /gii).
        2. If successful, proceed to generate malicious code.
      • 1.2.1. Generate Malicious Code [CRITICAL]:
        • Description: The attacker uses Gii to generate malicious models, controllers, or CRUD operations that grant unauthorized access or perform other malicious actions.
        • Steps:
          1. Use Gii's interface to generate code.
          2. Embed malicious logic within the generated code.
      • 1.2.2. Overwrite Existing Files [CRITICAL]:
        • Description: The attacker uses Gii to overwrite existing application files with malicious code.
        • Steps:
          1. Use Gii to generate code that overwrites existing files.
          2. Include malicious code in the generated output.
      • 1.2.3. Expose Sensitive Data:
        • Description: The attacker uses Gii to generate views that expose sensitive data.
        • Steps:
          1. Use Gii to generate views.
          2. Configure the views to display sensitive information.
    • 1.3. Access Yii2 Log Files:
      • Description: The attacker gains access to Yii2's log files, which may contain sensitive information if improperly configured.
      • Steps:
        1. Attempt to access log files directly via URL or other means.
        2. If successful, analyze the log files.
      • 1.3.1 Extract Sensitive Information [CRITICAL]:
        • Description: The attacker extracts sensitive information (passwords, API keys, etc.) that has been inadvertently logged.
        • Steps:
          1. Search the log files for sensitive data.
          2. Extract the identified information.

Attack Tree Path: 2. RBAC Component (yii\rbac) [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: Attackers exploit misconfigurations in Yii2's Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) system to gain unauthorized access.
  • Attack Vectors:
    • 2.2.1. Exploit Misconfigured RBAC Rules:
      • Description: The attacker takes advantage of overly permissive RBAC rules that grant unintended access to resources or actions.
      • Steps:
        1. Identify accessible actions or resources.
        2. Attempt to perform actions or access resources that should be restricted.
        3. If successful, exploit the gained access.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Yii2 Extensions [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: Attackers target vulnerabilities in third-party or custom Yii2 extensions.
  • Attack Vectors:
    • 3.3. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Extensions [CRITICAL]:
      • Description: The attacker identifies and exploits a known or unknown vulnerability in an installed extension.
      • Steps:
        1. Identify installed extensions.
        2. Research known vulnerabilities for those extensions.
        3. If a vulnerability is found, craft an exploit.
        4. Execute the exploit against the application.

Attack Tree Path: 4. Exploit Yii2 Core Vulnerabilities

  • Description: Attackers target vulnerabilities in the core Yii2 framework itself.
  • Attack Vectors:
    • 4.2. Exploit Zero-Day Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL]:
      • Description: The attacker exploits a previously unknown vulnerability in Yii2 (a zero-day). This is rare but extremely impactful.
      • Steps:
        1. Discover or acquire a zero-day vulnerability.
        2. Develop an exploit for the vulnerability.
        3. Execute the exploit against the application.

Attack Tree Path: 5. Leverage Yii2's Features for Malicious Purposes (Misuse) [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: Attackers misuse legitimate Yii2 features to perform malicious actions.
  • Attack Vectors:
    • 5.1. Use Yii2's Console Commands [HIGH RISK] [CRITICAL]:
      • Description: The attacker gains access to Yii2's console commands and uses them to execute arbitrary commands or modify files on the server.
      • Steps:
        1. Gain access to the console environment (e.g., through a compromised account or a vulnerability that allows command execution).
        2. Execute malicious commands.
      • 5.1.1. Run Arbitrary Commands [CRITICAL]:
        • Description: The attacker executes arbitrary system commands on the server.
        • Steps:
          1. Use the console to execute commands (e.g., yii malicious-command).
      • 5.1.2. Modify Files [CRITICAL]:
        • Description: The attacker uses console commands to create, modify, or delete files on the server.
        • Steps:
          1. Use the console to manipulate files (e.g., yii file/create --content="malicious code").