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attack-surface.md

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Attack Surface Analysis for z-song/laravel-admin

Attack Surface: Default Admin User Creation Vulnerability

  • Description: Insecure or easily guessable default credentials or a poorly secured initial admin user creation process provided by laravel-admin.
  • Laravel-admin Contribution: laravel-admin often provides commands or setup instructions for creating an initial admin user. If these are not secured or default weak credentials are used, it creates a critical entry point.
  • Example: A developer uses the laravel-admin command to create an admin user but uses a default password or a very weak password like "admin". An attacker could guess these credentials and gain full admin access.
  • Impact: Complete compromise of the admin panel, unauthorized access to all data and functionalities, potential server compromise.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Force strong, randomly generated passwords during initial admin user creation.
    • Provide clear documentation emphasizing immediate change of default credentials.
    • Implement Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for admin logins.

Attack Surface: Authorization Bypass in Admin Panel

  • Description: Flaws in laravel-admin's permission and role management system allowing unauthorized users to access admin functionalities or data.
  • Laravel-admin Contribution: laravel-admin introduces its own authorization layer. Misconfigurations in roles, permissions, or menu access within laravel-admin can lead to bypasses.
  • Example: Incorrectly configured permissions in laravel-admin grant a "viewer" role unintended edit/delete access. A user with "viewer" role exploits this to modify sensitive data.
  • Impact: Unauthorized data modification, deletion, privilege escalation, potential system compromise.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Thoroughly review and test all laravel-admin authorization rules and permissions.
    • Apply the principle of least privilege, granting only necessary permissions.
    • Regularly audit and review configured permissions.
    • Implement automated tests to verify authorization rule enforcement.

Attack Surface: SQL Injection Vulnerabilities in Admin Features

  • Description: Vulnerabilities allowing SQL injection through input fields or parameters within laravel-admin features, leading to unauthorized database access and manipulation.
  • Laravel-admin Contribution: laravel-admin generates forms and handles data. Custom actions, reports, or filters in laravel-admin, especially with raw SQL or insufficient input sanitization in generated forms, can introduce SQL injection points. Dynamic filtering and search are high-risk areas.
  • Example: A custom filter in laravel-admin uses unsanitized user input in a raw SQL query. An attacker injects SQL code to bypass authentication, extract data, or modify records.
  • Impact: Data breach, data modification, deletion, potential denial of service, database compromise.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Primarily use Eloquent ORM for database interactions.
    • Use parameterized queries or prepared statements for raw SQL.
    • Thoroughly sanitize and validate all user inputs in laravel-admin forms and actions.
    • Use automated security scanning tools for SQL injection detection.

Attack Surface: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerabilities in Admin Views

  • Description: Vulnerabilities allowing injection of malicious scripts into admin panel pages, executed in admin users' browsers, leading to session hijacking, data theft, or defacement.
  • Laravel-admin Contribution: laravel-admin generates views and displays data. Lack of proper output encoding when rendering data in admin views (especially user-generated content, lists, forms) can lead to XSS. Customizable components can also introduce XSS.
  • Example: A user comment with malicious JavaScript is stored. Displaying this comment in the admin panel without encoding executes the script in the admin user's browser, potentially stealing session cookies.
  • Impact: Session hijacking, admin account takeover, data theft, defacement, attack propagation to other admins.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Always use proper output encoding (HTML escaping) when displaying data in admin views.
    • Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) to restrict resource loading sources.
    • Use automated security scanning tools for XSS detection.
    • Employ input validation as a defense-in-depth measure.

Attack Surface: Unrestricted File Upload Vulnerability

  • Description: Lack of restrictions on file uploads within laravel-admin, allowing attackers to upload malicious files.
  • Laravel-admin Contribution: laravel-admin often includes file upload features. Insecure file upload implementations are a significant vulnerability.
  • Example: The admin panel allows image uploads without file type validation. An attacker uploads a PHP web shell disguised as an image, gaining command execution on the server.
  • Impact: Remote code execution, server compromise, data breach, defacement, denial of service.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Implement strict file type validation (whitelist allowed types).
    • Enforce file size limits.
    • Configure the web server to prevent content-type sniffing.
    • Store uploaded files outside the web root with restricted access.
    • Integrate antivirus scanning for uploads.
    • Rename uploaded files to prevent predictable names and path traversal.

Attack Surface: Path Traversal Vulnerabilities in File Handling

  • Description: Vulnerabilities allowing access to files/directories outside the intended scope through manipulated file paths in laravel-admin's upload or download functionalities.
  • Laravel-admin Contribution: If laravel-admin's file handling features don't properly sanitize file paths, path traversal attacks are possible.
  • Example: In a file download feature, user input constructs the file path. An attacker manipulates input with "../" sequences to access sensitive files like /etc/passwd.
  • Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive files, information disclosure, potential server compromise.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Thoroughly validate and sanitize user inputs related to file paths.
    • Whitelist allowed file paths or directories.
    • Use absolute file paths instead of relative paths.