Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
306 lines (225 loc) · 14.3 KB

mitigations.md

File metadata and controls

306 lines (225 loc) · 14.3 KB

Mitigation Strategies Analysis for django/django

Mitigation Strategy: Strict mark_safe and safe Filter Usage

1. Mitigation Strategy: Strict mark_safe and safe Filter Usage

  • Description:

    1. Identify all instances: Search the entire codebase (templates, views, custom template tags/filters) for uses of mark_safe and the safe filter.
    2. Justify each use: For each instance, document why it's being used. Is there a safer alternative (built-in filter, custom filter with sanitization)?
    3. Sanitize input: If mark_safe or safe is absolutely necessary, ensure the input is rigorously sanitized before being marked as safe. This might involve:
      • Using a dedicated HTML sanitization library (e.g., bleach).
      • Creating a custom template filter that performs specific, targeted sanitization (e.g., removing only <script> tags, allowing only specific HTML tags and attributes).
      • Validating the input against a strict whitelist of allowed characters/patterns.
    4. Document and Audit: Maintain a record of all mark_safe/safe uses, including the justification and sanitization steps. Regularly audit these instances.
    5. Code Reviews: Make reviewing mark_safe/safe usage a mandatory part of code reviews.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): (Severity: High) - Prevents attackers from injecting malicious JavaScript code.
    • HTML Injection: (Severity: Medium) - Prevents attackers from injecting arbitrary HTML.

  • Impact:

    • XSS: Risk reduction: High.
    • HTML Injection: Risk reduction: High.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Templates: Partially implemented. Sanitization via sanitize_html in utils/templatetags/custom_filters.py.
    • Views: Not implemented (needs verification).

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Full codebase audit.
    • Formal documentation.
    • Implementation of bleach.
    • Verification of no mark_safe in views.

Mitigation Strategy: Parameterized Raw SQL Queries

2. Mitigation Strategy: Parameterized Raw SQL Queries

  • Description:

    1. Identify Raw SQL: Search for cursor.execute(), raw(), and extra().
    2. Convert to ORM: Refactor to use Django's ORM where possible.
    3. Parameterize Remaining Raw SQL: If unavoidable, always use parameterized queries.
      • Good: cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM myapp_mymodel WHERE id = %s", [user_id])
      • Bad: cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM myapp_mymodel WHERE id = " + user_id)
    4. Review extra(): Scrutinize extra() for proper parameterization/sanitization.
    5. Code Reviews: Enforce strict code review for raw SQL.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • SQL Injection: (Severity: Critical) - Prevents malicious SQL code injection.

  • Impact:

    • SQL Injection: Risk reduction: Very High.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • myapp/views.py: Raw SQL converted to ORM.
    • myapp/models.py: Custom manager method refactored.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Comprehensive codebase search for all raw SQL.
    • Verification of parameterization for all remaining raw SQL.
    • Formal documentation.

Mitigation Strategy: Consistent CSRF Protection (Django Features)

3. Mitigation Strategy: Consistent CSRF Protection (Django Features)

  • Description:

    1. Template Forms: Ensure {% csrf_token %} is in every POST form.
    2. AJAX Requests: Include the CSRF token in request headers (usually X-CSRFToken). Use Django's documented methods.
    3. csrf_exempt Review: Search for and strongly consider removing @csrf_exempt. If unavoidable, document the reason and implement alternative CSRF mitigation.
    4. Subdomain Configuration: Review CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN if using subdomains.
    5. Testing: Include automated tests for CSRF protection.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): (Severity: High)

  • Impact:

    • CSRF: Risk reduction: High.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • {% csrf_token %} in standard HTML forms.
    • X-CSRFToken in static/js/main.js.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Review of all AJAX requests.
    • Automated CSRF tests.
    • Verification of no @csrf_exempt.
    • CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN review (if subdomains are used).

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Session Management (Django Settings)

4. Mitigation Strategy: Secure Session Management (Django Settings)

  • Description:

    1. Settings Review: Verify in settings.py:
      • SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
      • SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True
      • SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE = 'Strict' (or 'Lax')
      • SESSION_COOKIE_AGE (appropriate expiration)
      • SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = True (or False)
    2. Session Data: Avoid storing sensitive data directly. If necessary, use a secure session backend and encrypt data.
    3. Session ID Regeneration: Confirm Django's default session ID regeneration on login. If custom authentication, call request.session.cycle_key().
    4. Session Backend: Use database or cached based sessions instead of cookie based sessions.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Session Hijacking: (Severity: High)
    • Session Fixation: (Severity: High)
    • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (indirectly): (Severity: High)
    • Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) (indirectly): (Severity: High)

  • Impact:

    • Session Hijacking: Risk reduction: High.
    • Session Fixation: Risk reduction: High.
    • XSS (indirect): Risk reduction: Medium.
    • CSRF (indirect): Risk reduction: Medium.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
    • SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True
    • SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE = 'Strict'
    • SESSION_COOKIE_AGE set.
    • SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = True
    • Using database backed sessions.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Review of session data.
    • Verification of session ID regeneration in custom authentication.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure File Uploads (Django Features)

5. Mitigation Strategy: Secure File Uploads (Django Features)

  • Description:

    1. MEDIA_ROOT and MEDIA_URL:
      • MEDIA_ROOT outside web server's document root.
      • MEDIA_URL is a separate, non-directly-mapped path.
    2. File Validation:
      • Strict validation for FileField and ImageField.
      • Use FileExtensionValidator.
      • Consider ContentTypeValidator.
      • For images, consider a library like Pillow.
      • Do not rely on filename or user-provided content type.
    3. Filename Sanitization: Sanitize filenames to prevent directory traversal. Django's FileSystemStorage provides some, but additional checks may be needed.
    4. Storage Backend: Consider a dedicated file storage service (e.g., S3, Azure Blob Storage) with Django's support.
    5. Limit Upload Size:
      • Use DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE and FILE_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE to limit upload size.
    6. Code Reviews: Include file uploads in code reviews.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Arbitrary File Upload: (Severity: Critical)
    • Directory Traversal: (Severity: High)
    • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): (Severity: High)
    • Denial of Service (DoS): (Severity: Medium)

  • Impact:

    • Arbitrary File Upload: Risk reduction: Very High.
    • Directory Traversal: Risk reduction: High.
    • XSS: Risk reduction: High.
    • DoS: Risk reduction: Medium.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • MEDIA_ROOT and MEDIA_URL configured correctly.
    • FileExtensionValidator in myapp/models.py.
    • DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE and FILE_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE are set.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • ContentTypeValidator not implemented.
    • Image validation with Pillow not implemented.
    • Additional filename sanitization checks may be needed.
    • Cloud storage migration planned but not implemented.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Email Handling (Django Functions)

6. Mitigation Strategy: Secure Email Handling (Django Functions)

  • Description:

    1. Header Injection: Never directly include user-supplied data in email headers (Subject, From, To). Use Django's email functions (send_mail, EmailMessage) to handle header encoding.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Email Header Injection: (Severity: High) - Prevents attackers from injecting malicious headers, which could be used for phishing or spam.

  • Impact:

    • Email Header Injection: Risk reduction: High.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • All email sending uses send_mail with properly separated parameters.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Code review to confirm no direct user input in email headers.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Settings and Configuration (Django Settings)

7. Mitigation Strategy: Secure Settings and Configuration (Django Settings)

  • Description:

    1. SECRET_KEY: Keep it secret, not in version control. Use environment variables or a secrets management system.
    2. DEBUG: Set DEBUG = False in production.
    3. ALLOWED_HOSTS: Set to specific domain names.
    4. STATIC_ROOT and STATIC_URL: Similar to MEDIA_ROOT, ensure STATIC_ROOT is outside the document root if serving static files directly.
    5. Database Settings: Use strong passwords and secure storage for credentials.

  • Threats Mitigated: * Information Disclosure: (Severity: High) * Host Header Attacks: (Severity: High) * Various attacks due to exposed debug information: (Severity: High)

  • Impact: * Risk reduction for all listed threats: High

  • Currently Implemented:

    • SECRET_KEY is stored in environment variable.
    • DEBUG = False in production environment.
    • ALLOWED_HOSTS is properly set.
    • STATIC_ROOT and STATIC_URL are configured correctly.
    • Database credentials are in environment variables.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • None.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Admin Interface (Django Admin)

8. Mitigation Strategy: Secure Admin Interface (Django Admin)

  • Description:

    1. Strong Passwords: Enforce strong passwords for admin users.
    2. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Implement 2FA (e.g., django-otp).
    3. Restricting Access: Limit access to specific IPs/networks (via web server config).
    4. Customizing the Admin: Consider changing the URL and templates.
    5. Auditing: Enable logging for the admin interface (LogEntry model).

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Unauthorized Access: (Severity: High)
    • Brute-Force Attacks: (Severity: Medium)
    • Credential Stuffing: (Severity: Medium)

  • Impact:

    • Unauthorized Access: Risk reduction: High.
    • Brute-Force/Credential Stuffing: Risk reduction: Medium (2FA significantly improves this).

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Strong password policy enforced.
    • Admin interface logging enabled.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • 2FA not implemented.
    • IP-based access restriction not implemented.
    • Admin interface not customized.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure URL Routing (Django URL Patterns)

9. Mitigation Strategy: Secure URL Routing (Django URL Patterns)

  • Description:

    1. Regular Expressions: Use specific, well-tested regexes in URL patterns. Avoid overly broad or complex regexes (ReDoS risk).
    2. URL Parameter Validation: Validate parameters in views.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS): (Severity: Medium)
    • Unexpected Behavior/Vulnerabilities due to invalid URL parameters: (Severity: Medium)

  • Impact:

    • ReDoS: Risk reduction: Medium.
    • Invalid Parameters: Risk reduction: Medium.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • URL parameters are validated in most views.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Comprehensive review of all URL patterns for ReDoS vulnerabilities.
    • Ensure all URL parameters are validated in all views.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Caching (Django Caching)

10. Mitigation Strategy: Secure Caching (Django Caching)

  • Description:

    1. Vary Headers: Use Vary headers to ensure cached responses are specific to request headers (e.g., Vary: Cookie).
    2. Cache Control Headers: Set appropriate Cache-Control headers.
    3. Private Data: Avoid caching pages with sensitive data without proper cache key variations and security.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Information Disclosure (via caching): (Severity: Medium)

  • Impact:

    • Information Disclosure: Risk reduction: Medium.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Basic Cache-Control headers are set.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Comprehensive review of caching configuration.
    • Proper use of Vary headers.
    • Careful consideration of caching for pages with dynamic/user-specific content.