threat-modeling.md

Threat Model Analysis for getredash/redash

Threat: Credential Exposure in Redash Configuration

• Description: An attacker gains access to the Redash server or its configuration storage and extracts data source credentials stored within Redash configuration.
• Impact: Unauthorized access to connected databases and services, data breaches, data loss, or service disruption.
• Affected Redash Component: Configuration Management, Data Source Management Module, Backend Storage.
• Risk Severity: High
• Mitigation Strategies:
  • Encrypt data source credentials at rest.
  • Utilize secure secrets management systems.
  • Implement strict access control to Redash configuration.
  • Regularly audit access to Redash configuration.

Threat: Credential Injection/Manipulation via Redash API or UI

• Description: An attacker exploits vulnerabilities in Redash API or UI to inject malicious payloads or manipulate data source connection parameters, potentially gaining access to data sources using attacker-controlled credentials or redirecting connections to malicious data sources.
• Impact: Redash connects to attacker-controlled data sources, data exfiltration, modification of existing data source connections to malicious sources.
• Affected Redash Component: Data Source Management Module, API Endpoints (Data Source creation/modification), UI components for Data Source management.
• Risk Severity: High
• Mitigation Strategies:
  • Implement robust input validation and sanitization for data source connection parameters.
  • Use parameterized queries or prepared statements.
  • Enforce strong authorization checks for data source creation/modification.
  • Regular security code reviews and penetration testing.

Threat: SQL Injection (and similar injection attacks) via Query Editor

• Description: An attacker crafts a malicious query within the Redash query editor, exploiting insufficient input sanitization to inject malicious SQL commands when the query is executed against the data source.
• Impact: Unauthorized data access, data manipulation, potential execution of arbitrary code on the database server, full database compromise.
• Affected Redash Component: Query Execution Engine, Query Editor, Data Source Connectors.
• Risk Severity: Critical
• Mitigation Strategies:
  • Implement robust input sanitization and parameterized queries.
  • Enforce least privilege database user accounts for Redash connections.
  • Regularly update Redash and dependencies to patch vulnerabilities.
  • Educate users on secure query writing practices.

Threat: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via Data Source Connectors or Query Execution

• Description: An attacker exploits vulnerabilities in Redash data source connectors or query execution logic to force Redash to make requests to internal resources or external services.
• Impact: Access to internal resources, information disclosure about internal network, potential exploitation of vulnerabilities in internal services, remote code execution in some cases.
• Affected Redash Component: Data Source Connectors, Query Execution Engine, Network Communication Modules.
• Risk Severity: High
• Mitigation Strategies:
  • Carefully review and audit Redash data source connectors for SSRF vulnerabilities.
  • Implement network segmentation and firewall rules to restrict Redash's outbound network access.
  • Disable or restrict access to high-risk data source types or features.
  • Use network policies to restrict outbound traffic from Redash server.

Threat: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Dashboards and Visualizations

• Description: An attacker injects malicious JavaScript code into dashboard elements or visualizations, which executes in other users' browsers when they view the dashboard.
• Impact: Account compromise, data theft, dashboard defacement, redirection to malicious websites, malicious actions in the context of victim user's session.
• Affected Redash Component: Dashboard Rendering Engine, Visualization Components, User Input Handling (Dashboard creation/modification).
• Risk Severity: High
• Mitigation Strategies:
  • Implement robust output encoding and sanitization for user-provided content.
  • Utilize Content Security Policy (CSP).
  • Regular security audits and penetration testing focusing on XSS.

Threat: Authentication Bypass Vulnerabilities in Redash

• Description: An attacker exploits vulnerabilities in Redash's authentication mechanisms to bypass login and gain unauthorized access.
• Impact: Full unauthorized access to Redash application, including data sources, dashboards, user management, and administrative functionalities, complete compromise of Redash instance.
• Affected Redash Component: Authentication Module, Session Management, User Login Functionality.
• Risk Severity: Critical
• Mitigation Strategies:
  • Use strong and well-tested authentication mechanisms (OAuth 2.0, SAML, OpenID Connect).
  • Regularly update Redash and dependencies to patch authentication vulnerabilities.
  • Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA).
  • Regular security audits and penetration testing on authentication mechanisms.

Threat: Authorization Bypass Vulnerabilities in Redash

• Description: An attacker exploits vulnerabilities in Redash's authorization logic to access resources or functionalities they are not authorized to access, even after successful authentication.
• Impact: Unauthorized access to data sources, dashboards, administrative features, or other restricted functionalities, privilege escalation.
• Affected Redash Component: Authorization Module, Access Control, API Endpoints, Permission Checks throughout the application.
• Risk Severity: High
• Mitigation Strategies:
  • Implement robust and consistent authorization checks throughout Redash.
  • Follow the principle of least privilege for user roles and permissions.
  • Regular security audits and penetration testing on authorization mechanisms.

Threat: Exploitation of Known Vulnerabilities in Redash Core or Dependencies

• Description: An attacker exploits publicly disclosed vulnerabilities in Redash core code or its third-party dependencies if Redash instances are not promptly patched and updated.
• Impact: Wide range of impacts including remote code execution (RCE), data breaches, denial of service (DoS), privilege escalation, system compromise.
• Affected Redash Component: Redash Core Application, Third-party Libraries and Dependencies.
• Risk Severity: Critical to High
• Mitigation Strategies:
  • Regularly monitor security advisories and vulnerability databases for Redash and dependencies.
  • Implement a robust patch management process for security updates.
  • Subscribe to Redash security mailing lists for vulnerability notifications.
  • Use automated vulnerability scanning tools.

Threat: API Vulnerabilities in Redash API

• Description: An attacker exploits vulnerabilities in Redash API (authentication bypass, authorization bypass, injection flaws, insecure endpoints) to gain unauthorized access or perform malicious actions through the API.
• Impact: Data breaches, unauthorized data modification, denial of service, system compromise through API exploitation.
• Affected Redash Component: Redash API Endpoints, API Framework, Authentication and Authorization for API access.
• Risk Severity: High to Critical
• Mitigation Strategies:
  • Securely design and implement Redash API endpoints, following API security best practices.
  • Implement proper authentication and authorization for API access.
  • Regular security audits and penetration testing specifically targeting the Redash API.
  • Implement API rate limiting and throttling.

Threat: Insecure Default Configuration of Redash

• Description: Redash is deployed with insecure default configurations (default credentials, weak encryption, exposed debugging endpoints) that are easily exploited by attackers.
• Impact: Easy initial access for attackers, potential for further exploitation and system compromise.
• Affected Redash Component: Installation and Configuration Process, Default Settings, Deployment Scripts.
• Risk Severity: High
• Mitigation Strategies:
  • Review and harden Redash default configurations before deployment.
  • Change default credentials immediately upon installation.
  • Disable or secure debugging endpoints and features in production.
  • Configure secure encryption settings.
  • Implement restrictive access controls from the start.