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Threat Model Analysis for pallets/flask

Threat: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)

  • Description:
    • Attacker Action: Injects malicious code into Jinja2 templates by exploiting direct embedding of unsanitized user input. This allows execution of arbitrary code on the server.
    • How: By crafting input with Jinja2 syntax (e.g., {{...}}) in user-facing features that use templates.
  • Impact:
    • Impact: Critical. Remote Code Execution (RCE), full server compromise, data breaches.
  • Flask Component Affected:
    • Component: Jinja2 Templating Engine, render_template_string function.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Mitigation:
      • Avoid render_template_string with user input.
      • Parameterize templates and use context variables.
      • Input validation and sanitization before template rendering.
      • Regularly update Jinja2.

Threat: Insecure Secret Key Management

  • Description:
    • Attacker Action: Discovers or guesses the Flask secret key. This allows forging session cookies and bypassing authentication.
    • How: By targeting weak key generation, insecure storage, or information leaks.
  • Impact:
    • Impact: High. Session hijacking, authentication bypass, unauthorized access.
  • Flask Component Affected:
    • Component: Flask's session management, app.secret_key configuration.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Mitigation:
      • Generate a strong, random secret key.
      • Securely store the secret key outside of code repository (e.g., environment variables).
      • Rotate the secret key periodically.
      • Never hardcode the secret key.
      • Avoid default 'dev' key in production.

Threat: Debug Mode Enabled in Production

  • Description:
    • Attacker Action: Exploits debug mode features exposed in production to gain information or execute code. Debug mode reveals sensitive application details and can enable interactive debuggers.
    • How: By accessing the application and leveraging debug mode functionalities like error pages or debuggers.
  • Impact:
    • Impact: High to Critical. Information disclosure, Remote Code Execution (if debugger accessible), server compromise.
  • Flask Component Affected:
    • Component: Flask's debug mode (app.debug or FLASK_DEBUG configuration), development server.
  • Risk Severity: High (potentially Critical)
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Mitigation:
      • Disable debug mode in production (app.debug = False or FLASK_DEBUG=0).
      • Use a production WSGI server (e.g., Gunicorn, uWSGI).

Threat: Routing Vulnerabilities due to Misconfiguration

  • Description:
    • Attacker Action: Exploits overly permissive or ambiguous Flask route configurations to access unintended functionalities or bypass access controls.
    • How: By analyzing route definitions and crafting requests to access unexpected endpoints.
  • Impact:
    • Impact: High. Unauthorized access to functionality, bypass of security controls, privilege escalation.
  • Flask Component Affected:
    • Component: Flask's routing system (@app.route, route parameters).
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Mitigation:
      • Define routes restrictively and explicitly.
      • Review route definitions for overlaps and unintended access.
      • Implement authorization checks within route handlers.
      • Thoroughly test routing configurations.

Threat: Vulnerabilities in Flask Extensions

  • Description:
    • Attacker Action: Exploits known or zero-day vulnerabilities in third-party Flask extensions to compromise the application.
    • How: By targeting vulnerable extensions used by the Flask application.
  • Impact:
    • Impact: Varies, potentially High to Critical. Can lead to Remote Code Execution, data breaches, depending on the extension vulnerability.
  • Flask Component Affected:
    • Component: Flask Extensions (third-party libraries).
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical (depending on the extension and vulnerability)
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Mitigation:
      • Carefully vet and select extensions from reputable sources.
      • Keep extensions updated to the latest versions.
      • Regularly review extension dependencies for vulnerabilities.
      • Minimize the number of extensions used.