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attack-tree.md

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Attack Tree Analysis for pallets/jinja

Objective: Compromise application using Jinja2 by exploiting Jinja2-specific vulnerabilities to achieve arbitrary code execution and data exfiltration.

Attack Tree Visualization

+ **[CRITICAL NODE]** Compromise Application via Jinja2 Exploitation
    |- **[HIGH RISK PATH]** * Exploit Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
    |   |- **[CRITICAL NODE]** * Identify SSTI Vulnerable Points **[CRITICAL NODE]**
    |   |   |- **[CRITICAL NODE]** * User-Controlled Input Directly in Template Rendering **[CRITICAL NODE]**
    |   |   |- **[CRITICAL NODE]** * Fuzz Input Fields for Template Syntax Injection (e.g., `{{`, `}}`, `{%`, `%}`) **[CRITICAL NODE]**
    |   |- **[CRITICAL NODE]** * Achieve Arbitrary Code Execution via SSTI **[CRITICAL NODE]**
    |   |- **[HIGH RISK PATH]** * Exploit Code Execution for Application Compromise **[CRITICAL NODE]**
    |   |   |- **[CRITICAL NODE]** * Data Exfiltration **[CRITICAL NODE]**
    |- **[HIGH RISK PATH]** * Denial of Service (DoS) via Template Complexity **[CRITICAL NODE]**

Attack Tree Path: [CRITICAL NODE] Compromise Application via Jinja2 Exploitation

  • Description: This is the root goal of the attacker. It represents the overall objective to compromise the application by exploiting vulnerabilities specifically related to the Jinja2 templating engine.
  • Risk Level: Critical (High Impact if achieved)

Attack Tree Path: [HIGH RISK PATH] * Exploit Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Description: This is the primary high-risk path. Server-Side Template Injection occurs when user-controlled input is embedded into a Jinja2 template and rendered, allowing attackers to inject malicious template code.

  • Risk Level: Critical (High Likelihood and High Impact)

    • 2.1. [CRITICAL NODE] * Identify SSTI Vulnerable Points [CRITICAL NODE]

      • Description: The attacker's first step is to identify locations in the application where SSTI vulnerabilities might exist.

      • Risk Level: Critical (Essential step for SSTI exploitation)

      • 2.1.1. [CRITICAL NODE] * User-Controlled Input Directly in Template Rendering [CRITICAL NODE]

        • Description: This is the most direct and dangerous form of SSTI. It occurs when user input is directly used as part of the template string in functions like render_template_string.
        • Attack Vectors:
          • Analyze Code for render_template_string with User Input:
            • Likelihood: Medium
            • Impact: High
            • Effort: Low
            • Skill Level: Medium
            • Detection Difficulty: Medium
          • Fuzz Input Fields for Template Syntax Injection (e.g., {{, }}, {%, %}):
            • Likelihood: High
            • Impact: High
            • Effort: Low
            • Skill Level: Low
            • Detection Difficulty: Low

    • 2.2. [CRITICAL NODE] * Achieve Arbitrary Code Execution via SSTI [CRITICAL NODE]

      • Description: Once an SSTI point is identified, the attacker aims to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by crafting malicious Jinja2 payloads.
      • Risk Level: Critical (Directly leads to system compromise)

Attack Tree Path: [HIGH RISK PATH] * Exploit Code Execution for Application Compromise [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Description: After achieving code execution via SSTI, the attacker leverages this access to further compromise the application and its environment. This path focuses on the consequences of successful SSTI.

  • Risk Level: Critical (High Impact - realization of compromise)

    • 3.1. [CRITICAL NODE] * Data Exfiltration [CRITICAL NODE]
      • Description: A primary goal after code execution is to steal sensitive data from the application and its underlying systems.
      • Attack Vectors:
        • Read Sensitive Files (e.g., configuration files, database credentials):
          • Likelihood: High
          • Impact: High
          • Effort: Low
          • Skill Level: Low
          • Detection Difficulty: Medium
        • Access and Exfiltrate Database Data:
          • Likelihood: Medium
          • Impact: High
          • Effort: Medium
          • Skill Level: Medium
          • Detection Difficulty: Medium
        • Steal Application Secrets and API Keys:
          • Likelihood: High
          • Impact: High
          • Effort: Low
          • Skill Level: Low
          • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: [HIGH RISK PATH] * Denial of Service (DoS) via Template Complexity [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Description: This path focuses on exploiting Jinja2's template rendering process to cause a Denial of Service. Attackers craft complex templates that consume excessive server resources.

  • Risk Level: High (Medium Impact, but High Likelihood and Low Effort)

    • Attack Vectors:
      • Craft Complex or Recursive Templates:
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: Medium
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Low
      • Send Requests with Maliciously Complex Templates:
        • Likelihood: High
        • Impact: Medium
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Low
      • Cause Excessive Resource Consumption during Template Rendering:
        • Likelihood: High
        • Impact: Medium
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Low
      • Slow Down Application Response Time or Cause Application Crash:
        • Likelihood: High
        • Impact: Medium
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Low