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Attack Tree Analysis for ankane/chartkick

Objective: Manipulate Chart Data, Inject Scripts, or Leak Data via Chartkick

Attack Tree Visualization

                                      Attacker's Goal:
                                Manipulate Chart Data, Inject Scripts, or Leak Data
                                              via Chartkick
                                                  |
          -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          |                                                                                                 |
  1. Data Manipulation                                                                             2. Script Injection (XSS)
  (Medium Impact, Medium Likelihood)                                                               (High Impact, Medium Likelihood)
          |                                                                                                 |
  ---------------------                                                                       -------------------------------------
  |                   |                                                                       |                                   |
1a. (Not High Risk) 1b. Bypass                                                               2a. Inject via Data Source        2b. (Not High Risk)
                      Input Validation                                                        (High Impact, Medium Likelihood)
                      (Med Impact, High Lklhd)                                                                |
                      |                                                                       -------------------------------------
                  ------                                                                      |                                   |
                  |    |                                                                      2a1. Unsanitized Input          2a2. Unescaped Output
                1b1. 1b2.                                                                     (if data is from user input)    in Data (e.g., labels)
                Lack  Bypass                                                                  (Med, Med, Med, Med, Med)       (High, Low, Med, Med, Med)
                of    Client-Side
                Input  Vali-
                Vali- dation
                dation (Med, High,
                (Med,  Low,
                 High, Low)
                 Low,
                 Low)

Attack Tree Path: Critical Node: 1b. Bypass Input Validation

  • Description: This is the root of many data manipulation attacks. If an attacker can bypass input validation, they can inject malicious data into the system. This is a critical node because it's a prerequisite for many other attacks.
  • Likelihood: High. Many applications fail to implement robust server-side validation.
  • Impact: Medium. The impact depends on the type of data being manipulated, but it can lead to incorrect chart data, potentially misleading users or causing operational issues.
  • Effort: Low. Bypassing client-side validation is trivial, and if server-side validation is weak or absent, no special tools are needed.
  • Skill Level: Low. Basic understanding of web requests and browser developer tools is sufficient.
  • Detection Difficulty: Low. Proper logging and monitoring of input data can detect attempts to bypass validation. Lack of server-side validation is easily found in code reviews.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: 1b1. Lack of Input Validation

  • Description: The application does not perform any validation on data before passing it to Chartkick. This is a direct consequence of the "Bypass Input Validation" node.
  • Likelihood: High. This is a common oversight in application development.
  • Impact: Medium. Allows attackers to inject arbitrary data, potentially leading to data corruption or manipulation.
  • Effort: Low. The attacker simply needs to provide malicious input.
  • Skill Level: Low. No specialized skills are required.
  • Detection Difficulty: Low. Code reviews and penetration testing can easily identify this vulnerability.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: 1b2. Bypass Client-Side Validation

  • Description: The application relies solely on client-side validation, which can be easily disabled or manipulated by the attacker.
  • Likelihood: High. Client-side validation is often used for user experience, but it's not a security control.
  • Impact: Medium. Allows attackers to inject arbitrary data, similar to 1b1.
  • Effort: Low. Can be bypassed using browser developer tools or by intercepting and modifying requests.
  • Skill Level: Low. Basic understanding of web technologies is sufficient.
  • Detection Difficulty: Low. Relies on server-side validation to detect, as client-side validation is bypassed.

Attack Tree Path: Critical Node: 2a. Inject via Data Source

  • Description: This is the primary attack vector for XSS vulnerabilities within Chartkick. If the data source contains unsanitized user input, it can be exploited. This is critical because XSS is a high-impact vulnerability.
  • Likelihood: Medium. Depends on how user input is handled and whether it's used in chart data.
  • Impact: High. XSS can lead to complete account compromise, data theft, and session hijacking.
  • Effort: Medium. Requires identifying an input field that is reflected in the chart without proper sanitization.
  • Skill Level: Medium. Requires understanding of XSS vulnerabilities and how to craft payloads.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Web application firewalls (WAFs) and intrusion detection systems (IDS) can often detect XSS attempts, but sophisticated attacks can bypass them.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: 2a1. Unsanitized Input (XSS via Data Source)

  • Description: User-provided data (or data from any untrusted source) is directly used in the chart data (e.g., labels, tooltips) without proper sanitization or escaping.
  • Likelihood: Medium. This is a common vulnerability if developers are not careful about sanitizing user input.
  • Impact: High. Allows for the execution of arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the user's browser.
  • Effort: Medium. Requires finding an input field that is reflected in the chart.
  • Skill Level: Medium. Requires knowledge of XSS payloads.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Can be detected with web application scanners and penetration testing.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Path: 2a2. Unescaped Output in Data (XSS within Chartkick)

  • Description: Even if the input is sanitized, if Chartkick itself doesn't properly escape the data before rendering it, an XSS vulnerability could exist within the library.
  • Likelihood: Low. Reputable libraries like Chartkick are usually well-vetted, but vulnerabilities can still be found.
  • Impact: High. Same as 2a1 - arbitrary JavaScript execution.
  • Effort: Medium. Requires finding a vulnerability in Chartkick's escaping logic.
  • Skill Level: Medium. Requires understanding of XSS and potentially reverse-engineering Chartkick.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium. Requires specialized testing targeting Chartkick's rendering logic.