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Attack Tree Analysis for heartcombo/devise

Objective: [[Gain Unauthorized Access to User Accounts or Application Functionality via Devise]]

Attack Tree Visualization

[[Gain Unauthorized Access to User Accounts or Application Functionality via Devise]] => [[Compromise User Accounts]] => [Brute-Force Password] -> [Weak/Default Passwords] => [Credential Stuffing (Devise)] => [Token Leakage/Theft] => [[JWT Secret Key Leak]] -> [Cookie Theft]

-> [Exploit Devise Configuration/Implementation]
    => [[Known CVEs in Used Version]]
    -> [Outdated Devise Version]

Attack Tree Path: [[Gain Unauthorized Access to User Accounts or Application Functionality via Devise]]

  • Description: This is the overarching objective of the attacker. It represents the successful compromise of the application's security through vulnerabilities related to Devise.
  • Likelihood: High (given the prevalence of attacks targeting authentication systems)
  • Impact: Very High (complete loss of control over user accounts and potentially the entire application)
  • Effort: Variable (depends on the specific vulnerabilities present)
  • Skill Level: Variable (depends on the complexity of the exploit)
  • Detection Difficulty: Variable (depends on the sophistication of the attack and the application's monitoring capabilities)

Attack Tree Path: => [[Compromise User Accounts]]

  • Description: This is the most direct path to unauthorized access, focusing on gaining control of existing user accounts.
  • Likelihood: High (common attack vector)
  • Impact: High (loss of control over user accounts)
  • Effort: Variable (depends on the chosen attack method)
  • Skill Level: Variable
  • Detection Difficulty: Variable

Attack Tree Path: => [Brute-Force Password]

  • Description: The attacker attempts to guess user passwords by systematically trying many combinations.
  • Likelihood: High (if weak password policies are in place)
  • Impact: High (full account compromise)
  • Effort: Low (automated tools readily available)
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium (detectable through failed login attempts, but can be obfuscated)
  • -> [Weak/Default Passwords]: This significantly increases the likelihood of success for brute-force attacks.

Attack Tree Path: => [Credential Stuffing (Devise)]

  • Description: Attackers use lists of stolen credentials (username/password pairs) from other breaches, assuming users reuse passwords.
  • Likelihood: High (very common attack)
  • Impact: High (full account compromise)
  • Effort: Low (automated tools and credential lists readily available)
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium (detectable through spikes in login attempts, but can be distributed)

Attack Tree Path: => [Token Leakage/Theft]

  • Description: This involves obtaining valid authentication tokens (JWTs or session cookies) to impersonate users.
  • Likelihood: Variable (depends on the presence of vulnerabilities that allow token exposure)
  • Impact: High (full account compromise)
  • Effort: Variable
  • Skill Level: Variable
  • Detection Difficulty: Variable

Attack Tree Path: => [[JWT Secret Key Leak]]

  • Description: The attacker gains access to the secret key used to sign JWTs. This is a catastrophic security failure.
  • Likelihood: Low (if secrets are managed properly; very high if committed to version control)
  • Impact: Very High (complete application compromise – attacker can forge any token)
  • Effort: Very Low (if the key is exposed)
  • Skill Level: Low
  • Detection Difficulty: High (unless the attacker uses the compromised key in an obvious way)

Attack Tree Path: -> [Cookie Theft]

  • Description: The attacker steals a user's session cookie, typically through a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability.
  • Likelihood: Medium (depends on presence of XSS vulnerabilities and user behavior)
  • Impact: High (full account compromise)
  • Effort: Medium (requires exploiting an XSS vulnerability or social engineering)
  • Skill Level: Medium
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium (detectable through XSS detection and web application firewall logs)

Attack Tree Path: -> [Exploit Devise Configuration/Implementation]

  • Description: This branch focuses on vulnerabilities arising from how Devise is set up or used within the application.
  • Likelihood: Variable
  • Impact: Variable
  • Effort: Variable
  • Skill Level: Variable
  • Detection Difficulty: Variable

Attack Tree Path: => [[Known CVEs in Used Version]]

  • Description: The attacker exploits a publicly disclosed vulnerability (CVE) in the specific version of Devise being used.
  • Likelihood: Medium to High (if a CVE exists and the application is not patched)
  • Impact: Variable (depends on the specific CVE – could range from minor information disclosure to complete system compromise)
  • Effort: Low to High (depends on the complexity of the exploit – some CVEs have readily available exploit code)
  • Skill Level: Low to High (depends on the complexity of the exploit)
  • Detection Difficulty: Low (CVE information is publicly available; intrusion detection systems can often detect known exploits)
  • -> [Outdated Devise Version]: Directly leads to the increased likelihood of Known CVE exploitation.