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Attack Tree Analysis for mikel/mail

Objective: [[Attacker's Goal: Gain unauthorized access, manipulate email, or disrupt service]]

Attack Tree Visualization

                                 [[Attacker's Goal: Gain unauthorized access, manipulate email, or disrupt service]]
                                                    ||
                                    =================================================
                                    ||                                               ||
              [[Exploit Mail Parsing Vulnerabilities]]        [[Exploit Mail Sending/Receiving Vulnerabilities]]
                                    ||                                               ||
              =================================================        =================================================
              ||                                                             ||               ||

[[Header Injection]] [[SMTP Injection]] [[Credential Theft/Leak]] || || ================== ================== || || [[CRLF ]] [[Leaked in Logs/Errors]] [[Injection]] [[Used in Config/Code]] [[Unescaped Headers]] [[Oversized Attachment]]

Attack Tree Path: [[Exploit Mail Parsing Vulnerabilities]]

Description: This attack vector focuses on vulnerabilities that arise when the mail gem parses incoming emails. Attackers can craft malicious emails to exploit these weaknesses.

  • Criticality Rationale: Contains multiple high-impact and/or low-effort attack paths.

Attack Tree Path: [[Header Injection]]

  • Description: Exploiting how the gem handles email headers. Attackers can inject malicious content or control characters into headers.
  • Criticality Rationale: High impact due to the potential to bypass security checks and inject arbitrary headers. Relatively low effort to attempt.

Attack Tree Path: [[CRLF Injection]]

  • Description: Injecting Carriage Return Line Feed characters (\r\n) to add arbitrary headers. This can bypass security checks or cause unexpected behavior.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Novice
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: [[Unescaped Headers]]

  • Description: If the gem doesn't properly escape or sanitize header values, an attacker can inject malicious code or control characters.
  • Likelihood: Low
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Novice
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: [[Oversized Attachment]]

  • Description: Sending an extremely large attachment to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) by exhausting server resources.
    • Likelihood: Medium
    • Impact: Medium
    • Effort: Very Low
    • Skill Level: Novice
    • Detection Difficulty: Easy

Attack Tree Path: [[Exploit Mail Sending/Receiving Vulnerabilities]]

  • Description: This attack vector focuses on vulnerabilities related to how the mail gem sends and receives emails. Attackers can exploit weaknesses in the SMTP protocol or credential handling.
  • Criticality Rationale: Contains multiple high-impact and/or low-effort attack paths.

Attack Tree Path: [[SMTP Injection]]

  • Description: If the application allows user input to influence the SMTP commands sent by the mail gem, an attacker can inject additional SMTP commands.
  • Criticality Rationale: High impact, as it allows sending arbitrary emails and potentially bypassing security checks.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Low
  • Skill Level: Intermediate
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: [[Credential Theft/Leak]]

  • Description: Attackers gain access to SMTP credentials, allowing them to send emails through the application's account.
  • Criticality Rationale: High impact, as it provides direct access to the email account. Relatively easy to exploit if credentials are leaked.

Attack Tree Path: [[Leaked in Logs/Errors]]

  • Description: SMTP credentials are inadvertently included in log files or error messages.
  • Likelihood: Medium
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Very Low
  • Skill Level: Novice
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy

Attack Tree Path: [[Used in Config/Code]]

  • Description: SMTP credentials are hardcoded directly in the application's code or configuration files.
  • Likelihood: Low
  • Impact: High
  • Effort: Very Low
  • Skill Level: Novice
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy