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Attack Tree Analysis for puppetlabs/puppet

Objective: Gain Unauthorized RCE on Puppet-Managed Node

Attack Tree Visualization

                                     [Gain Unauthorized RCE on Puppet-Managed Node]***
                                                    /       |       \
                                                   /        |        \
                                                  /         |         \
  =================================================             |             =================================================
  |                                               |             |             |                                               |
[Compromise Puppet Server]***                     [Exploit]    [Abuse Legitimate Puppet Features]                               |
  |                                           [Vulnerabilities]      |                                               |
  |                                               |             |             -------------------------------------------------
  |                                               |             |             |                                               |
  |===[Exploit Puppet Server Vulnerabilities]***   |             |===[Hiera Data Poisoning]***                                  |
  |     |                                         |             |     |                                                     |
  |     |---[CVE-XXXX (Specific, known vulns)]***    |             |     |===[Modify Hiera data to inject malicious commands]***   |
  |     |===[Weak Authentication/Authorization]***  |             |     |===[Gain access to Hiera data source (e.g., Git)]***    |
  |                                               |             |             |                                               |
  |===[Compromise Puppet Agent (Initial Access)]* |             |===[Abuse `template` or `inline_template` Functions]       |
  |     |                                         |             |     |                                                     |
  |     |===[Exploit Agent Vulnerabilities]*       |             |     |===[Inject malicious code into templates]             |
  |                                               |             |             |                                               |
  |                                               |             |===[Abuse External Command Execution (e.g., `exec`)]***       |
  |                                               |             |     |                                                     |
  |                                               |             |     |===[Craft `exec` resources with malicious commands]***   |
  |                                               |             |                                               |
  |                                               |             -------------------------------------------------

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Puppet Server

  • Exploit Puppet Server Vulnerabilities*
    • CVE-XXXX (Specific, known vulns)*:
      • Description: Exploiting publicly known and documented vulnerabilities in the Puppet Server software (e.g., Puppet Server, PuppetDB).
      • Mitigation: Regularly apply security patches and updates. Use vulnerability scanners. Subscribe to security advisories.
    • Weak Authentication/Authorization*:
      • Description: Gaining access to the Puppet Server due to weak passwords, default credentials, or insufficient access controls.
      • Mitigation: Enforce strong, unique passwords. Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA). Use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC). Regularly audit user accounts and permissions.
  • Compromise Puppet Agent (Initial Access)* * Exploit Agent Vulnerabilities*
    • Description: Exploiting vulnerabilities in the Puppet Agent software running on managed nodes. This could allow an attacker to gain initial access to a node.
    • Mitigation: Keep Puppet Agent software up-to-date. Regularly scan for vulnerabilities.

Attack Tree Path: Abuse Legitimate Puppet Features

  • Hiera Data Poisoning*
    • Modify Hiera data to inject malicious commands*:
      • Description: Altering data within Hiera (Puppet's key-value configuration data store) to include malicious commands or configurations that will be executed by Puppet.
      • Mitigation: Implement strict access controls on Hiera data sources (e.g., Git repositories, databases). Validate and sanitize all Hiera data. Use version control and audit trails.
    • Gain access to Hiera data source (e.g., Git)*:
      • Description: Obtaining unauthorized access to the repository or system where Hiera data is stored, enabling modification of the data.
      • Mitigation: Secure the Hiera data source with strong authentication and authorization. Monitor access logs. Use network segmentation to isolate the data source.
  • Abuse template or inline_template Functions
    • Inject malicious code into templates: * Description: Inserting malicious code into Puppet templates, which will be executed when the template is rendered.
      • Mitigation: Treat templates as code. Validate and sanitize all input to templates. Avoid using user-supplied input directly in templates. Use a template linter.
  • Abuse External Command Execution (e.g., exec)*
    • Craft exec resources with malicious commands*:
      • Description: Creating Puppet exec resources that execute arbitrary, attacker-controlled commands on the managed node.
      • Mitigation: Avoid using exec with untrusted input. If exec is necessary, strictly validate and sanitize the command and its arguments. Use a whitelist of allowed commands and arguments. Prefer built-in Puppet resource types over exec whenever possible.