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Attack Tree Analysis for fuellabs/fuel-core

Objective: Compromise Application using Fuel-Core vulnerabilities (Focus on High-Risk Paths).

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise Application via Fuel-Core Exploitation [ROOT GOAL - CRITICAL NODE]
├── 1. Exploit Fuel-Core Node Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE]
│   ├── 1.1. Network Layer Exploits [HIGH RISK PATH START]
│   │   ├── 1.1.1.1. Resource Exhaustion (CPU, Memory, Network)
│   │   ├── 1.1.1.2. Block Spamming (Network Congestion)
│   │   ├── 1.1.2. Protocol Vulnerabilities (P2P, RPC)
│   │   │   ├── 1.1.2.1. Exploiting Known Protocol Flaws [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   ├── 1.1.2.2. Crafted Malicious Messages [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   └── [HIGH RISK PATH END]
│   ├── 1.3. Transaction Processing Exploits [HIGH RISK PATH START]
│   │   ├── 1.3.1. Transaction Validation Bypass [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   ├── 1.3.2. Transaction Execution Vulnerabilities (SwayVM related)
│   │   │   ├── 1.3.2.1. SwayVM Bugs (Sandbox Escape, Resource Exhaustion) [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   ├── 1.3.2.2. Reentrancy Attacks (If applicable to Sway and FuelVM - investigate)
│   │   └── [HIGH RISK PATH END]
│   ├── 1.5. Cryptographic Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH START]
│   │   ├── 1.5.2. Key Management Issues
│   │   │   ├── 1.5.2.1. Private Key Exposure [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   └── [HIGH RISK PATH END]
│   ├── 1.6. Dependency Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH START]
│   │   ├── 1.6.1. Exploiting Vulnerable Dependencies [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   └── [HIGH RISK PATH END]
│   ├── 1.7. Configuration and Deployment Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH START]
│   │   ├── 1.7.1. Misconfiguration
│   │   │   ├── 1.7.1.1. Insecure Default Settings
│   │   │   ├── 1.7.1.2. Exposed Admin/Debug Interfaces (If any exist in Fuel-Core or related tools)
│   │   ├── 1.7.2. Insufficient Security Hardening
│   │   └── [HIGH RISK PATH END]
│   └── [HIGH RISK PATH END]
├── 2. Exploit Application Logic via Fuel-Core Interaction (Indirect Exploitation) [HIGH RISK PATH START]
│   ├── 2.1. Data Manipulation via Fuel-Core API
│   │   ├── 2.1.1. Input Validation Flaws in Application using Fuel-Core API
│   │   ├── 2.1.2. API Abuse for Logic Exploitation
│   │   └── [HIGH RISK PATH END]
│   ├── 2.2. Smart Contract Vulnerabilities (Deployed on Fuel-Core, indirectly related) [HIGH RISK PATH START]
│   │   ├── 2.2.1. Exploiting Smart Contract Logic Flaws
│   │   │   ├── 2.2.1.1. Reentrancy, Overflow/Underflow, Logic Errors in Sway Contracts [CRITICAL NODE]
│   │   │   ├── 2.2.1.2. Dependency Vulnerabilities in Smart Contract Code (If contracts use external libraries)
│   │   └── [HIGH RISK PATH END]
│   └── [HIGH RISK PATH END]

Attack Tree Path: 1.1. Network Layer Exploits

High-Risk Path: 1.1. Network Layer Exploits

  • Attack Vectors:

    • 1.1.1.1. Resource Exhaustion (CPU, Memory, Network):
      • Flood the Fuel-Core node with excessive RPC or P2P requests.
      • Overwhelm node resources leading to performance degradation or crash.
    • 1.1.1.2. Block Spamming (Network Congestion):
      • Flood the Fuel-Core network with invalid or low-value transactions.
      • Clog the network, disrupt transaction processing, and impact application functionality.
    • 1.1.2. Protocol Vulnerabilities (P2P, RPC):
      • Exploit weaknesses in the design or implementation of Fuel-Core's network protocols (P2P or RPC).
      • Target parsing or processing logic of network messages.

  • Critical Nodes within this path:

    • 1.1.2.1. Exploiting Known Protocol Flaws [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Leverage publicly disclosed or discovered vulnerabilities in Fuel-Core's P2P or RPC protocols.
      • Gain unauthorized access or control by exploiting these known weaknesses.
    • 1.1.2.2. Crafted Malicious Messages [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Send specially crafted P2P or RPC messages designed to trigger vulnerabilities in Fuel-Core's network handling code.
      • Exploit parsing errors, buffer overflows, or other processing flaws to compromise the node.

Attack Tree Path: 1.3. Transaction Processing Exploits

High-Risk Path: 1.3. Transaction Processing Exploits

  • Attack Vectors:

    • 1.3.1. Transaction Validation Bypass [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Craft malicious transactions that circumvent Fuel-Core's transaction validation rules.
      • Execute invalid operations, manipulate state in unauthorized ways, or potentially double-spend assets.
    • 1.3.2. Transaction Execution Vulnerabilities (SwayVM related):
      • Target vulnerabilities within the SwayVM (FuelVM) responsible for executing smart contracts.
      • Exploit weaknesses during smart contract execution.

  • Critical Nodes within this path:

    • 1.3.1. Transaction Validation Bypass [CRITICAL NODE]: (Already described above)
    • 1.3.2.1. SwayVM Bugs (Sandbox Escape, Resource Exhaustion) [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Exploit bugs in the SwayVM to escape the sandbox environment.
      • Execute arbitrary code on the Fuel-Core node's host system.
      • Cause resource exhaustion within the VM leading to DoS.

Attack Tree Path: 1.5. Cryptographic Vulnerabilities -> 1.5.2. Key Management Issues -> 1.5.2.1. Private Key Exposure [CRITICAL NODE]

High-Risk Path: 1.5. Cryptographic Vulnerabilities -> 1.5.2. Key Management Issues -> 1.5.2.1. Private Key Exposure [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Attack Vectors:

    • 1.5.2.1. Private Key Exposure [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Compromise the private keys used by the Fuel-Core node for transaction signing or consensus participation.
      • Insecure storage of private keys (e.g., plaintext files, unprotected storage).
      • Weak key generation practices.
      • Unauthorized access to key storage locations.

  • Critical Nodes within this path:

    • 1.5.2.1. Private Key Exposure [CRITICAL NODE]: (Already described above)

Attack Tree Path: 1.6. Dependency Vulnerabilities -> 1.6.1. Exploiting Vulnerable Dependencies [CRITICAL NODE]

High-Risk Path: 1.6. Dependency Vulnerabilities -> 1.6.1. Exploiting Vulnerable Dependencies [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Attack Vectors:

    • 1.6.1. Exploiting Vulnerable Dependencies [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Fuel-Core relies on external Rust crates (dependencies).
      • Vulnerabilities in these dependencies can be exploited to compromise Fuel-Core.
      • Attackers leverage known vulnerabilities in outdated or insecure dependencies.

  • Critical Nodes within this path:

    • 1.6.1. Exploiting Vulnerable Dependencies [CRITICAL NODE]: (Already described above)

Attack Tree Path: 1.7. Configuration and Deployment Vulnerabilities

High-Risk Path: 1.7. Configuration and Deployment Vulnerabilities

  • Attack Vectors:
    • 1.7.1.1. Insecure Default Settings:
      • Fuel-Core deployed with default configurations that are not secure.
      • Exposed ports, weak authentication, or disabled security features in default setup.
    • 1.7.1.2. Exposed Admin/Debug Interfaces (If any exist in Fuel-Core or related tools):
      • Admin or debug interfaces of Fuel-Core or related tools are exposed without proper authentication or authorization.
      • Attackers gain unauthorized access to administrative functions.
    • 1.7.2. Insufficient Security Hardening:
      • Fuel-Core node deployed on an insufficiently hardened operating system or network environment.
      • Missing OS patches, weak firewall rules, or lack of intrusion detection systems.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Application Logic via Fuel-Core Interaction (Indirect Exploitation)

High-Risk Path: 2. Exploit Application Logic via Fuel-Core Interaction (Indirect Exploitation)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • 2.1.1. Input Validation Flaws in Application using Fuel-Core API:
      • Application fails to properly validate data received from Fuel-Core API.
      • Allows injection of malicious data or unexpected inputs that exploit application logic.
    • 2.1.2. API Abuse for Logic Exploitation:
      • Attackers misuse Fuel-Core's API endpoints in ways not intended by application developers.
      • Manipulate application state or logic by exploiting unintended API functionalities.

Attack Tree Path: 2.2. Smart Contract Vulnerabilities (Deployed on Fuel-Core, indirectly related) -> 2.2.1. Exploiting Smart Contract Logic Flaws -> 2.2.1.1. Reentrancy, Overflow/Underflow, Logic Errors in Sway Contracts [CRITICAL NODE]

High-Risk Path: 2.2. Smart Contract Vulnerabilities (Deployed on Fuel-Core, indirectly related) -> 2.2.1. Exploiting Smart Contract Logic Flaws -> 2.2.1.1. Reentrancy, Overflow/Underflow, Logic Errors in Sway Contracts [CRITICAL NODE]

  • Attack Vectors:

    • 2.2.1.1. Reentrancy, Overflow/Underflow, Logic Errors in Sway Contracts [CRITICAL NODE]:
      • Smart contracts written in Sway and deployed on Fuel-Core contain logic flaws.
      • Common smart contract vulnerabilities like reentrancy, integer overflows/underflows, or general logic errors.
      • Exploiting these flaws can lead to unauthorized state changes, asset theft, or application disruption.
    • 2.2.1.2. Dependency Vulnerabilities in Smart Contract Code (If contracts use external libraries):
      • Smart contracts rely on external Sway libraries.
      • Vulnerabilities in these libraries can be exploited through the smart contracts.

  • Critical Nodes within this path:

    • 2.2.1.1. Reentrancy, Overflow/Underflow, Logic Errors in Sway Contracts [CRITICAL NODE]: (Already described above)