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Attack Tree Analysis for kitao/pyxel

Objective: Attacker's Goal: To compromise application that use given project by exploiting weaknesses or vulnerabilities within the project itself. (Focusing on High-Risk Paths)

Attack Tree Visualization

Attack Goal: Compromise Pyxel Application

    OR

    [CRITICAL NODE] 1. Exploit Pyxel Library Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH]
        OR
        [CRITICAL NODE] 1.1. Input Manipulation Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH]
            OR
            [CRITICAL NODE] 1.1.1. Malformed Input to Pyxel API [HIGH-RISK PATH]
                AND
                1.1.1.1. Send excessively long strings to text input functions [HIGH-RISK PATH]
                1.1.1.2. Provide out-of-bounds coordinates to drawing or input functions [HIGH-RISK PATH]

        [CRITICAL NODE] 1.2. Asset Loading Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH]
            OR
            [CRITICAL NODE] 1.2.1. Malicious Asset Injection [HIGH-RISK PATH]
                AND
                1.2.1.1. Replace legitimate game assets (images, sounds) with malicious files [HIGH-RISK PATH]

        1.3. API Abuse/Unexpected Behavior [HIGH-RISK PATH]
            OR
            1.3.1. Call Pyxel APIs in unexpected sequences or with invalid parameters [HIGH-RISK PATH]
                AND
                1.3.1.1. Trigger crashes or exceptions by calling APIs out of order [HIGH-RISK PATH]
                1.3.1.2. Cause resource exhaustion by rapidly calling resource-intensive APIs [HIGH-RISK PATH]

    [CRITICAL NODE] 2. Exploit Application Logic Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH]
        OR
        [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1. Insecure Data Handling in Application Code [HIGH-RISK PATH]
            OR
            [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1.1. Storing sensitive data client-side without proper encryption [HIGH-RISK PATH]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Pyxel Library Vulnerabilities (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Targeting vulnerabilities directly within the Pyxel library code itself.
    • Exploiting weaknesses in how Pyxel handles data or interacts with the underlying system.
    • Focusing on areas of Pyxel code that are complex, less tested, or handle external inputs.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1. Input Manipulation Vulnerabilities (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Providing unexpected, malformed, or excessively large inputs to Pyxel API functions.
    • Specifically targeting text input, coordinate inputs, and any API that processes external data.
    • Aiming to trigger buffer overflows, crashes, or unexpected behavior through crafted inputs.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1. Malformed Input to Pyxel API (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • 1.1.1.1. Send excessively long strings to text input functions (High-Risk Path):
      • Attackers send strings exceeding expected buffer sizes to Pyxel functions that handle text input (e.g., drawing text, text input fields if implemented).
      • This can lead to buffer overflow vulnerabilities if Pyxel doesn't properly validate string lengths.
    • 1.1.1.2. Provide out-of-bounds coordinates to drawing or input functions (High-Risk Path):
      • Attackers supply negative, extremely large, or otherwise invalid coordinate values to Pyxel drawing functions (e.g., pyxel.blt, pyxel.rect) or input handling functions.
      • This can cause crashes, unexpected drawing behavior, or potentially memory access issues if coordinate validation is insufficient.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1.1. Send excessively long strings to text input functions (High-Risk Path)

  • Attackers send strings exceeding expected buffer sizes to Pyxel functions that handle text input (e.g., drawing text, text input fields if implemented).
    • This can lead to buffer overflow vulnerabilities if Pyxel doesn't properly validate string lengths.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1.2. Provide out-of-bounds coordinates to drawing or input functions (High-Risk Path)

  • Attackers supply negative, extremely large, or otherwise invalid coordinate values to Pyxel drawing functions (e.g., pyxel.blt, pyxel.rect) or input handling functions.
    • This can cause crashes, unexpected drawing behavior, or potentially memory access issues if coordinate validation is insufficient.

Attack Tree Path: 1.2. Asset Loading Vulnerabilities (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Exploiting weaknesses in how Pyxel applications load and process external assets like images and sounds.
    • Targeting vulnerabilities related to file path handling, file format parsing, and resource management during asset loading.

Attack Tree Path: 1.2.1. Malicious Asset Injection (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • 1.2.1.1. Replace legitimate game assets (images, sounds) with malicious files (High-Risk Path):
      • Attackers attempt to substitute original game assets with modified or malicious files.
      • If the application loads assets from untrusted sources or lacks integrity checks, attackers can inject malicious assets.
      • Malicious assets could be crafted to exploit vulnerabilities in image/sound decoding libraries or to alter game behavior in unintended ways.

Attack Tree Path: 1.2.1.1. Replace legitimate game assets (images, sounds) with malicious files (High-Risk Path)

  • Attackers attempt to substitute original game assets with modified or malicious files.
    • If the application loads assets from untrusted sources or lacks integrity checks, attackers can inject malicious assets.
    • Malicious assets could be crafted to exploit vulnerabilities in image/sound decoding libraries or to alter game behavior in unintended ways.

Attack Tree Path: 1.3. API Abuse/Unexpected Behavior (High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Calling Pyxel API functions in sequences or with parameters that are not intended or tested by developers.
    • Exploiting state dependencies or error handling weaknesses in the Pyxel API.
    • Aiming to trigger crashes, exceptions, or resource exhaustion through unusual API usage patterns.

Attack Tree Path: 1.3.1. Call Pyxel APIs in unexpected sequences or with invalid parameters (High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • 1.3.1.1. Trigger crashes or exceptions by calling APIs out of order (High-Risk Path):
      • Attackers call Pyxel API functions in an illogical or out-of-sequence order, violating expected API usage patterns.
      • This can expose state management issues or error handling flaws within Pyxel, leading to crashes or exceptions.
    • 1.3.1.2. Cause resource exhaustion by rapidly calling resource-intensive APIs (High-Risk Path):
      • Attackers rapidly and repeatedly call Pyxel APIs that consume significant resources (e.g., creating sprites, sounds, large images).
      • This can lead to memory exhaustion, performance degradation, and potentially denial of service if Pyxel lacks resource limits or throttling.

Attack Tree Path: 1.3.1.1. Trigger crashes or exceptions by calling APIs out of order (High-Risk Path)

  • Attackers call Pyxel API functions in an illogical or out-of-sequence order, violating expected API usage patterns.
    • This can expose state management issues or error handling flaws within Pyxel, leading to crashes or exceptions.

Attack Tree Path: 1.3.1.2. Cause resource exhaustion by rapidly calling resource-intensive APIs (High-Risk Path)

  • Attackers rapidly and repeatedly call Pyxel APIs that consume significant resources (e.g., creating sprites, sounds, large images).
    • This can lead to memory exhaustion, performance degradation, and potentially denial of service if Pyxel lacks resource limits or throttling.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Application Logic Vulnerabilities (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Exploiting vulnerabilities in the application code built using Pyxel, rather than Pyxel itself.
    • Focusing on common web application security issues that developers might introduce when using Pyxel.
    • This is less about Pyxel's inherent flaws and more about how developers use it insecurely.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1. Insecure Data Handling in Application Code (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • 2.1.1. Storing sensitive data client-side without proper encryption (High-Risk Path):
      • Developers might mistakenly store sensitive information (user credentials, personal data, game progress with personal details) directly in the browser's local storage, cookies, or IndexedDB without encryption.
      • Attackers can easily access this unencrypted data, leading to information disclosure.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1.1. Storing sensitive data client-side without proper encryption (High-Risk Path)

  • Developers might mistakenly store sensitive information (user credentials, personal data, game progress with personal details) directly in the browser's local storage, cookies, or IndexedDB without encryption.
    • Attackers can easily access this unencrypted data, leading to information disclosure.