Objective: Compromise Application Using Wasmer
Compromise Application Using Wasmer [CRITICAL NODE] ├───[OR] Exploit Vulnerabilities in Wasmer Runtime [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ ├───[OR] Memory Safety Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ ├───[AND] Buffer Overflow in WASM Execution [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ └───[Leaf] Craft malicious WASM module to trigger buffer overflow during execution due to parsing or handling of specific WASM instructions or data structures. [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ └───[Actionable Insight] Implement robust input validation and sanitization for WASM modules. Utilize memory-safe languages and techniques in Wasmer's runtime implementation. Fuzz testing with diverse WASM inputs. │ │ │ └───[Likelihood: Likely] [Impact: Critical] [Effort: Moderate to High] [Skill Level: Advanced] [Detection Difficulty: Moderate to Difficult] │ │ ├───[AND] Use-After-Free Vulnerability in WASM Execution [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ └───[Leaf] Craft malicious WASM module to trigger use-after-free condition in Wasmer's memory management during WASM execution, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ └───[Actionable Insight] Employ memory safety tools (e.g., AddressSanitizer, MemorySanitizer) during Wasmer development and testing. Conduct thorough code reviews focusing on memory management. │ │ │ └───[Likelihood: Likely] [Impact: Critical] [Effort: Moderate to High] [Skill Level: Advanced] [Detection Difficulty: Moderate to Difficult] │ │ └───[AND] Out-of-Bounds Access in WASM Execution [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ └───[Leaf] Craft malicious WASM module to trigger out-of-bounds memory access during WASM execution due to incorrect bounds checking or index calculations in Wasmer's runtime. [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ └───[Actionable Insight] Rigorous bounds checking in memory access operations within Wasmer's runtime. Static analysis and dynamic testing to identify potential out-of-bounds access points. │ │ └───[Likelihood: Likely] [Impact: Significant to Critical] [Effort: Moderate to High] [Skill Level: Advanced] [Detection Difficulty: Moderate to Difficult] │ ├───[OR] Logic Vulnerabilities in Wasmer Runtime [CRITICAL NODE] │ │ ├───[AND] Resource Exhaustion (DoS) [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ └───[Leaf] Craft malicious WASM module that consumes excessive resources (CPU, memory, file handles, etc.) within Wasmer, leading to denial of service for the application or the host system. [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ └───[Actionable Insight] Implement resource limits and quotas for WASM execution within Wasmer. Monitor resource usage and implement mechanisms to terminate runaway WASM instances. │ │ │ └───[Likelihood: Likely to Very Likely] [Impact: Moderate to Significant] [Effort: Low] [Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate] [Detection Difficulty: Easy to Moderate] │ ├───[OR] Vulnerabilities in Wasmer API or Integration [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ ├───[AND] API Misuse by Application [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ └───[Leaf] Application developers incorrectly use Wasmer's API, leading to insecure configurations or vulnerabilities. Examples: Improperly configured sandboxing, insecure module loading, exposing vulnerable API endpoints. [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ └───[Actionable Insight] Provide clear and secure API documentation and usage examples. Offer security best practices and guidelines for integrating Wasmer into applications. Static analysis tools to detect potential API misuse. │ │ │ └───[Likelihood: Likely to Very Likely] [Impact: Minor to Critical (depending on misuse)] [Effort: Low] [Skill Level: Novice to Beginner] [Detection Difficulty: Easy to Moderate] │ │ └───[AND] Dependency Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ └───[Leaf] Exploit vulnerabilities in Wasmer's dependencies (e.g., libraries used for compilation, networking, etc.) that could be leveraged to compromise Wasmer or the application. [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ └───[Actionable Insight] Regularly update Wasmer's dependencies to the latest secure versions. Utilize dependency scanning tools to identify and address known vulnerabilities. │ │ └───[Likelihood: Likely] [Impact: Minor to Critical (depending on dependency)] [Effort: Low] [Skill Level: Novice to Beginner] [Detection Difficulty: Very Easy to Easy] └───[OR] Supply Chain Attacks Targeting Wasmer Distribution [CRITICAL NODE] └───[AND] Compromised Wasmer Package [CRITICAL NODE] └───[Leaf] Attacker compromises the Wasmer distribution channels (e.g., package registries, GitHub releases) to distribute a backdoored or vulnerable version of Wasmer, which is then used by the application. [CRITICAL NODE] └───[Actionable Insight] Verify the integrity and authenticity of Wasmer packages using checksums and digital signatures. Use trusted and official distribution channels. Implement software composition analysis to detect compromised dependencies. └───[Likelihood: Rare to Possible] [Impact: Critical] [Effort: High to Very High] [Skill Level: Advanced to Expert] [Detection Difficulty: Very Difficult]
Attack Tree Path: Craft malicious WASM module to trigger buffer overflow during execution due to parsing or handling of specific WASM instructions or data structures.
Attack Vector: An attacker crafts a specially designed WebAssembly module. This module contains instructions or data structures that, when parsed or processed by Wasmer's runtime, cause a buffer overflow. This overflow can overwrite adjacent memory regions, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution on the host system.
- Likelihood: Likely
- Impact: Critical
- Effort: Moderate to High
- Skill Level: Advanced
- Detection Difficulty: Moderate to Difficult
Attack Tree Path: Craft malicious WASM module to trigger use-after-free condition in Wasmer's memory management during WASM execution, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.
Attack Vector: An attacker crafts a malicious WASM module that exploits flaws in Wasmer's memory management. This module triggers a "use-after-free" vulnerability, where memory that has been freed is accessed again. This can corrupt memory, lead to crashes, or, more critically, enable arbitrary code execution by manipulating the freed memory.
- Likelihood: Likely
- Impact: Critical
- Effort: Moderate to High
- Skill Level: Advanced
- Detection Difficulty: Moderate to Difficult
Attack Tree Path: Craft malicious WASM module to trigger out-of-bounds memory access during WASM execution due to incorrect bounds checking or index calculations in Wasmer's runtime.
Attack Vector: An attacker creates a WASM module that attempts to access memory outside of the allocated bounds. This could be due to errors in Wasmer's bounds checking mechanisms or incorrect index calculations during WASM execution. Successful out-of-bounds access can lead to information leaks, memory corruption, or arbitrary code execution.
- Likelihood: Likely
- Impact: Significant to Critical
- Effort: Moderate to High
- Skill Level: Advanced
- Detection Difficulty: Moderate to Difficult
Attack Tree Path: Craft malicious WASM module that consumes excessive resources (CPU, memory, file handles, etc.) within Wasmer, leading to denial of service for the application or the host system.
Attack Vector: An attacker crafts a WASM module designed to consume excessive system resources. This module might contain infinite loops, allocate large amounts of memory, or excessively open file handles. When executed by Wasmer, it can overwhelm the host system, leading to a denial of service for the application and potentially other services on the same host.
- Likelihood: Likely to Very Likely
- Impact: Moderate to Significant
- Effort: Low
- Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate
- Detection Difficulty: Easy to Moderate
Attack Tree Path: Application developers incorrectly use Wasmer's API, leading to insecure configurations or vulnerabilities. Examples: Improperly configured sandboxing, insecure module loading, exposing vulnerable API endpoints.
Attack Vector: Application developers, due to lack of understanding or oversight, misuse Wasmer's API. This can result in weakened security configurations, such as disabling sandboxing features, loading WASM modules from untrusted sources without proper validation, or exposing vulnerable Wasmer API endpoints to external access. This misuse can create openings for various attacks, depending on the specific misconfiguration.
- Likelihood: Likely to Very Likely
- Impact: Minor to Critical (depending on misuse)
- Effort: Low
- Skill Level: Novice to Beginner
- Detection Difficulty: Easy to Moderate
Attack Tree Path: Exploit vulnerabilities in Wasmer's dependencies (e.g., libraries used for compilation, networking, etc.) that could be leveraged to compromise Wasmer or the application.
Attack Vector: Wasmer, like most software, relies on third-party libraries (dependencies). If these dependencies contain known vulnerabilities, an attacker can exploit them to compromise Wasmer itself or the application using Wasmer. This could involve exploiting vulnerabilities in libraries used for compilation (like Cranelift or LLVM), networking, or other functionalities.
- Likelihood: Likely
- Impact: Minor to Critical (depending on dependency)
- Effort: Low
- Skill Level: Novice to Beginner
- Detection Difficulty: Very Easy to Easy
Attack Tree Path: Attacker compromises the Wasmer distribution channels (e.g., package registries, GitHub releases) to distribute a backdoored or vulnerable version of Wasmer, which is then used by the application.
Attack Vector: An attacker targets the supply chain by compromising Wasmer's distribution channels. This could involve injecting malicious code into the official Wasmer packages hosted on package registries (like npm, crates.io, PyPI) or GitHub releases. If successful, developers unknowingly download and integrate a backdoored version of Wasmer into their applications, leading to widespread compromise.
- Likelihood: Rare to Possible
- Impact: Critical
- Effort: High to Very High
- Skill Level: Advanced to Expert
- Detection Difficulty: Very Difficult