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Attack Tree Analysis for onevcat/kingfisher

Objective: Compromise application functionality and/or data by exploiting vulnerabilities related to the Kingfisher image loading and caching library.

Attack Tree Visualization

Attack Goal: Compromise Application via Kingfisher

[HIGH-RISK PATH] 1.0 Exploit Malicious Image Delivery 1.1 Serve Malicious Image from Compromised/Attacker-Controlled Server 1.1.1 Exploit Image Format Vulnerability (e.g., Buffer Overflow, Heap Overflow) 1.1.1.1 [CRITICAL NODE] Trigger Code Execution on Client Device [HIGH-RISK PATH] 1.1.2 Embed Malicious Content within Image (e.g., Stored XSS if image URLs are reflected) 1.1.2.1 [CRITICAL NODE] Steal User Credentials/Session Tokens [HIGH-RISK PATH] 1.1.3 Serve Large/Resource-Intensive Image 1.1.3.1 Cause Client-Side Resource Exhaustion (DoS) [HIGH-RISK PATH] 1.2 Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack [CRITICAL NODE] 1.2.1 Intercept and Replace Image Response with Malicious Image (Same sub-attacks as 1.1) [CRITICAL NODE] 1.2.2 Downgrade HTTPS to HTTP (if application doesn't enforce HTTPS strictly)

[HIGH-RISK PATH] 4.0 Exploit Misconfiguration/Misuse of Kingfisher in Application [HIGH-RISK PATH] 4.1 Insecure Image URL Handling 4.1.1 Application Constructs Image URLs from User Input without Proper Sanitization [HIGH-RISK PATH] 4.2 Inadequate Security Policies (e.g., allowing HTTP when HTTPS is expected) [CRITICAL NODE] 4.2.1 Facilitate MitM attacks (as in 1.2)

3.0 Exploit Kingfisher Library Vulnerabilities (Hypothetical - based on common library vulnerabilities) 3.1 Vulnerability in Image Decoding/Processing Logic (within Kingfisher or underlying libraries) 3.1.1 Triggered by Specific Image Format/Content 3.1.1.1 [CRITICAL NODE] Code Execution (if vulnerability is severe)

Attack Tree Path: 1.0 Exploit Malicious Image Delivery

  • Attack Vector: Attacker compromises an image server or sets up a malicious server to serve images to the application.
  • Breakdown of Sub-Attacks:
    • 1.1.1 Exploit Image Format Vulnerability:
      • Attack: Serve a specially crafted image that exploits vulnerabilities in image decoding libraries used by Kingfisher or the underlying system.
      • 1.1.1.1 [CRITICAL NODE] Trigger Code Execution on Client Device:
        • Impact: Attacker gains complete control over the application and potentially the user's device.
        • Example: Buffer overflows, heap overflows in image parsing logic.
    • 1.1.2 Embed Malicious Content within Image (XSS):
      • Attack: Embed malicious scripts (e.g., JavaScript) within image metadata or pixel data. If the application reflects image URLs or metadata without sanitization, this can lead to XSS.
      • 1.1.2.1 [CRITICAL NODE] Steal User Credentials/Session Tokens:
        • Impact: Attacker can steal sensitive user information, leading to account compromise and data breaches.
        • Example: Embedding JavaScript in EXIF metadata that executes when the application displays or processes the image URL.
    • 1.1.3 Serve Large/Resource-Intensive Image:
      • Attack: Serve extremely large or computationally expensive images to overwhelm the client device.
      • 1.1.3.1 Cause Client-Side Resource Exhaustion (DoS):
        • Impact: Application becomes unresponsive or crashes due to resource exhaustion on the client device.
        • Example: Serving a multi-gigabyte image or an image that requires excessive CPU/memory to decode.

Attack Tree Path: 1.2 Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack

  • Attack Vector: Attacker intercepts network traffic between the application and the image server.
  • Breakdown of Sub-Attacks:
    • 1.2.1 [CRITICAL NODE] Intercept and Replace Image Response with Malicious Image:
      • Attack: Attacker intercepts the legitimate image response and replaces it with a malicious image (as described in 1.1).
      • Impact: Same as 1.1 (code execution, XSS, DoS) but achieved through network interception.
    • 1.2.2 [CRITICAL NODE] Downgrade HTTPS to HTTP:
      • Attack: If the application does not strictly enforce HTTPS, the attacker attempts to downgrade the connection to HTTP.
      • Impact: Facilitates MitM attacks (like 1.2.1) by removing encryption and making interception easier.

Attack Tree Path: 4.0 Exploit Misconfiguration/Misuse of Kingfisher in Application

  • Attack Vector: Vulnerabilities arise from how the application is configured or how Kingfisher is used within the application's code.
  • Breakdown of Sub-Attacks:
    • [HIGH-RISK PATH] 4.1 Insecure Image URL Handling:
      • 4.1.1 Application Constructs Image URLs from User Input without Proper Sanitization:
        • Attack: The application builds image URLs using user-provided input without proper validation or sanitization.
        • Impact: Can lead to Open Redirect vulnerabilities (if the application redirects based on image loading) or SSRF (in server-side contexts).
        • Example: User input is directly concatenated into the image URL string without encoding or validation.
    • [HIGH-RISK PATH] 4.2 Inadequate Security Policies:
      • 4.2.1 [CRITICAL NODE] Facilitate MitM attacks:
        • Attack: The application or its environment is configured to allow HTTP connections when HTTPS is expected for image loading.
        • Impact: Enables MitM attacks (as in 1.2) and exposes the application to malicious image delivery.
        • Example: Not enforcing HTTPS in application code or server configuration, allowing image URLs to be loaded over HTTP.

Attack Tree Path: 4.1 Insecure Image URL Handling

  • 4.1.1 Application Constructs Image URLs from User Input without Proper Sanitization: * Attack: The application builds image URLs using user-provided input without proper validation or sanitization. * Impact: Can lead to Open Redirect vulnerabilities (if the application redirects based on image loading) or SSRF (in server-side contexts). * Example: User input is directly concatenated into the image URL string without encoding or validation.

Attack Tree Path: 4.2 Inadequate Security Policies

  • 4.2.1 [CRITICAL NODE] Facilitate MitM attacks: * Attack: The application or its environment is configured to allow HTTP connections when HTTPS is expected for image loading. * Impact: Enables MitM attacks (as in 1.2) and exposes the application to malicious image delivery. * Example: Not enforcing HTTPS in application code or server configuration, allowing image URLs to be loaded over HTTP.