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Attack Tree Analysis for scalessec/toast-swift

Objective: Disrupt UX or Leak Sensitive Information via toast-swift

Attack Tree Visualization

Goal: Disrupt UX or Leak Sensitive Information via toast-swift

├── 1. Manipulate Toast Content (Information Leakage) [HIGH RISK] │ ├── 1.1 Inject Malicious Code (XSS) [HIGH RISK] │ │ ├── 1.1.1 Exploit Lack of Input Sanitization in message parameter [CRITICAL] │ │ │ └── 1.1.1.1 Craft a toast message containing <script> tags. [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ └── 1.1.1.2 Craft a toast message containing event handlers (e.g., onerror, onclick). [HIGH RISK] │ │ ├── 1.1.2 Exploit Lack of Output Encoding [CRITICAL] │ │ │ └── 1.1.2.1 If the library doesn't properly encode HTML entities, inject special characters. [HIGH RISK] │ ├── 1.2 Display Unauthorized Information │ │ ├── 1.2.1 Exploit Logic Errors in Application Code Using toast-swift [CRITICAL] │ │ │ └── 1.2.1.1 Trigger error conditions or unexpected states that cause sensitive data to be displayed in toast messages (e.g., debug information, API keys). [HIGH RISK]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Manipulate Toast Content (Information Leakage) [HIGH RISK]

  • Overall Description: This branch focuses on attacks that aim to leak sensitive information by manipulating the content displayed within toast notifications. The primary concern is the injection of malicious code (XSS) or the display of unauthorized data due to application logic flaws.
    • Likelihood: High
    • Impact: High
    • Effort: Low to Medium
    • Skill Level: Novice to Advanced
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard

Attack Tree Path: 1.1 Inject Malicious Code (XSS) [HIGH RISK]

  • Overall Description: This is the most critical threat category. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious JavaScript code into the toast message, which is then executed in the context of the user's browser. This can lead to session hijacking, data theft, defacement, and other severe consequences.
    • Likelihood: High
    • Impact: High
    • Effort: Low to Medium
    • Skill Level: Novice to Advanced
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1 Exploit Lack of Input Sanitization in message parameter [CRITICAL]

  • Description: This is the fundamental vulnerability that enables XSS. If the toast-swift library, or the application using it, does not properly sanitize the input provided for the toast message, attackers can inject arbitrary HTML and JavaScript. * Likelihood: High (if no sanitization is present) * Impact: High * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Novice * Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1.1 Craft a toast message containing <script> tags. [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: The most direct form of XSS. The attacker inserts <script> tags containing malicious JavaScript code directly into the toast message. * Example: showToast("Hello, <script>alert('XSS');</script>") * Likelihood: High (if no sanitization) * Impact: High * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Novice * Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1.2 Craft a toast message containing event handlers (e.g., onerror, onclick). [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: A more subtle form of XSS. The attacker injects HTML attributes that trigger JavaScript execution when a specific event occurs (e.g., an image failing to load, a user clicking on an element). * Example: showToast("<img src='x' onerror='alert(\"XSS\")'>") * Likelihood: High (if no sanitization) * Impact: High * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Novice * Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.2 Exploit Lack of Output Encoding [CRITICAL]

  • Description: Even if input sanitization is present, a lack of output encoding can still allow XSS. Output encoding ensures that special characters (like <, >, &, ", ') are converted into their HTML entity equivalents (e.g., &lt;, &gt;, &amp;, &quot;, &#39;), preventing them from being interpreted as HTML tags or attributes. * Likelihood: Medium (modern libraries should encode, but mistakes happen) * Impact: High * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.2.1 If the library doesn't properly encode HTML entities, inject special characters. [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: The attacker crafts a message that uses special characters in a way that, without output encoding, will be interpreted as HTML tags or attributes, leading to XSS. * Example: If the library doesn't encode quotes, an attacker might use: showToast("><script>alert('XSS')</script><") * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.2 Display Unauthorized Information

Attack Tree Path: 1.2.1 Exploit Logic Errors in Application Code Using toast-swift [CRITICAL]

  • Description: This highlights that vulnerabilities can arise from how the application uses the toast-swift library, even if the library itself is secure. Poorly written application code might inadvertently display sensitive information in toast messages. * Likelihood: Medium (depends on application code quality) * Impact: High * Effort: Medium * Skill Level: Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.2.1.1 Trigger error conditions or unexpected states that cause sensitive data to be displayed in toast messages (e.g., debug information, API keys). [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: The attacker manipulates the application's input or state to trigger error conditions or unexpected behavior. If the application's error handling is flawed, it might display sensitive information (like debug messages, stack traces, API keys, or database connection strings) in a toast message. * Example: Intentionally providing invalid input to a form that, upon error, displays the raw error message (including potentially sensitive details) in a toast. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High * Effort: Medium * Skill Level: Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium