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Mitigation Strategies Analysis for duendesoftware/products

Mitigation Strategy: Regular Dependency Scanning and Updates for Duende Products

  • Description:
    1. Utilize NuGet Package Management: Leverage NuGet package management features within your development environment and CI/CD pipeline to track and manage Duende IdentityServer, Duende.AccessTokenManagement, Duende.Yarp, and other Duende product dependencies.
    2. Employ Dependency Scanning Tools: Integrate dependency scanning tools (like OWASP Dependency-Check, Snyk, or GitHub Dependency Scanning) specifically configured to analyze NuGet packages used by your Duende projects.
    3. Monitor Duende Security Advisories: Actively monitor Duende Security Advisories and release notes for announcements of vulnerabilities and recommended updates for their products and related dependencies.
    4. Prioritize Duende Product Updates: When updates are released by Duende, prioritize applying them promptly, especially security patches. Test updates in a staging environment before production deployment.
    5. Automate Dependency Updates: Where feasible, automate the process of updating Duende product dependencies within your projects, while maintaining thorough testing procedures.
  • Threats Mitigated:
    • Exploitation of Known Vulnerabilities in Duende Products and Dependencies (Severity: High) - Attackers can exploit publicly known vulnerabilities in outdated Duende libraries or their dependencies to compromise the IdentityServer or related components.
  • Impact:
    • Exploitation of Known Vulnerabilities in Duende Products and Dependencies: High Risk Reduction - Significantly reduces the risk by proactively identifying and patching vulnerable Duende components and their dependencies.
  • Currently Implemented:
    • Yes, GitHub Dependency Scanning is enabled for the main IdentityServer project repository, which includes Duende product dependencies.
  • Missing Implementation:
    • Automated dependency updates for Duende products are not fully implemented in the CI/CD pipeline. Updates are currently managed manually based on periodic checks and security advisories.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Configuration Storage for Duende IdentityServer

  • Description:
    1. Identify Sensitive Duende Configuration: Pinpoint all sensitive configuration settings for Duende IdentityServer, including signing keys (e.g., for JWTs), database connection strings, client secrets, and any API keys used for integrations.
    2. Externalize Duende Secrets: Avoid storing sensitive configuration directly within appsettings.json, web.config, or environment variables directly accessible in less secure environments.
    3. Utilize Secure Vaults for Duende Secrets: Employ a dedicated secret management solution like Azure Key Vault, HashiCorp Vault, or AWS Secrets Manager to securely store and manage Duende IdentityServer's sensitive configuration.
    4. Configure Duende to Read from Vault: Configure Duende IdentityServer to retrieve its sensitive configuration settings dynamically from the chosen secure vault at runtime. Duende configuration providers can be used to integrate with vault solutions.
    5. Implement Role-Based Access Control for Vault: Enforce strict Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) on the vault to limit access to Duende IdentityServer's secrets to only authorized services and personnel.
    6. Regularly Rotate Duende Signing Keys: Implement a process for the regular rotation of signing keys used by Duende IdentityServer for signing tokens and other cryptographic operations.
  • Threats Mitigated:
    • Exposure of Sensitive Duende IdentityServer Configuration Data (Severity: High) - If Duende configuration files are compromised, attackers can gain access to critical secrets like signing keys and database credentials, leading to full IdentityServer compromise.
    • Unauthorized Access to Duende Secrets (Severity: High) - If Duende secrets are not properly protected, unauthorized individuals or services could gain access to them, potentially impersonating IdentityServer or decrypting sensitive data.
  • Impact:
    • Exposure of Sensitive Duende IdentityServer Configuration Data: High Risk Reduction - Significantly reduces the risk by centralizing and securing Duende secrets in a dedicated vault, separate from application configuration files.
    • Unauthorized Access to Duende Secrets: High Risk Reduction - Reduces risk by enforcing access control and auditing secret access within the vault, specifically for Duende IdentityServer's sensitive data.
  • Currently Implemented:
    • Partially implemented. Azure Key Vault is used to store database connection strings for Duende IdentityServer in production.
  • Missing Implementation:
    • Signing keys for Duende IdentityServer are currently stored in configuration files on the server. Client secrets are stored in the database but not managed via a vault or rotated regularly. Vault usage needs to be expanded to cover all sensitive Duende configuration data, including signing keys and client secrets, and secret rotation needs to be implemented for Duende signing keys.

Mitigation Strategy: Enforce PKCE for Public Clients in Duende IdentityServer

  • Description:
    1. Identify Duende-Managed Public Clients: Within your Duende IdentityServer configuration, identify all OAuth 2.0 clients that are classified as "public clients" (e.g., SPAs, mobile apps) and are managed by Duende.
    2. Enable PKCE Requirement in Duende Client Configuration: For each identified public client in Duende IdentityServer, configure the client settings to require Proof Key for Code Exchange (PKCE). This is typically a client-specific setting within Duende's client configuration.
    3. Verify PKCE Enforcement in Duende Flows: Test the authorization flows for your public clients to ensure that Duende IdentityServer correctly enforces PKCE. Attempts to initiate authorization code flows without PKCE parameters should be rejected by IdentityServer.
    4. Document PKCE Requirement for Developers: Clearly document the PKCE requirement for developers working with public clients interacting with your Duende IdentityServer instance.
  • Threats Mitigated:
    • Authorization Code Interception Attacks Against Duende-Protected Clients (Severity: High) - For public clients interacting with Duende IdentityServer, the authorization code can be intercepted during the redirect. PKCE, enforced by Duende, mitigates this risk.
  • Impact:
    • Authorization Code Interception Attacks Against Duende-Protected Clients: High Risk Reduction - Effectively eliminates the risk of authorization code interception attacks for public clients relying on Duende IdentityServer for authentication.
  • Currently Implemented:
    • Yes, PKCE is enabled and enforced for all SPA clients configured within Duende IdentityServer.
  • Missing Implementation:
    • N/A - PKCE enforcement within Duende IdentityServer for public clients is fully implemented.

Mitigation Strategy: Strict Redirect URI Validation in Duende IdentityServer

  • Description:
    1. Define Allowed Redirect URIs in Duende Client Configuration: For each OAuth 2.0 client configured in Duende IdentityServer, meticulously define a strict allowlist of valid redirect URIs directly within the client's configuration in Duende.
    2. Avoid Wildcard Redirects in Duende: Refrain from using wildcard characters or overly permissive patterns when defining redirect URIs in Duende IdentityServer. Aim for precise and specific URI definitions.
    3. Enable Strict Redirect URI Matching in Duende: Ensure that Duende IdentityServer is configured to perform strict matching of the redirect_uri parameter in authorization requests against the configured allowlist for each client.
    4. Regularly Review and Audit Duende Redirect URI Configurations: Periodically review and audit the redirect URI configurations within Duende IdentityServer to ensure they remain accurate, necessary, and secure. Remove any obsolete or overly permissive entries.
  • Threats Mitigated:
    • Open Redirect Vulnerabilities via Duende IdentityServer (Severity: Medium) - Attackers could potentially manipulate the redirect URI in requests to Duende IdentityServer to redirect users to malicious sites after authentication, leading to phishing or credential theft. Strict validation in Duende mitigates this.
  • Impact:
    • Open Redirect Vulnerabilities via Duende IdentityServer: Moderate Risk Reduction - Significantly reduces the risk of open redirect attacks originating from or through Duende IdentityServer by ensuring only pre-approved redirect URIs are accepted by Duende.
  • Currently Implemented:
    • Yes, strict redirect URI validation is configured in Duende IdentityServer for all clients. Allowlists are defined directly within Duende client configurations.
  • Missing Implementation:
    • N/A - Strict redirect URI validation within Duende IdentityServer is fully implemented.

Mitigation Strategy: Implement Refresh Token Rotation in Duende IdentityServer

  • Description:
    1. Enable Refresh Token Rotation in Duende Client Configuration: Within the client configuration in Duende IdentityServer, enable the refresh token rotation feature for clients that utilize refresh tokens. This is typically a client-specific setting in Duende.
    2. Configure Refresh Token Usage Settings in Duende: Review and configure other refresh token related settings in Duende IdentityServer, such as refresh token expiration policies and reuse detection, to align with your security requirements.
    3. Utilize Duende's Refresh Token Features: Leverage Duende IdentityServer's built-in features for refresh token management, including rotation, revocation, and storage mechanisms. Consider using reference tokens for refresh tokens for enhanced security and server-side control offered by Duende.
    4. Monitor Duende Refresh Token Logs: Enable and monitor logging related to refresh token issuance, usage, and rotation within Duende IdentityServer to detect any anomalous or suspicious activity.
  • Threats Mitigated:
    • Compromised Refresh Tokens Issued by Duende IdentityServer (Severity: Medium) - If a refresh token issued by Duende is stolen, an attacker could use it to obtain new access tokens indefinitely. Refresh token rotation, implemented in Duende, limits the lifespan of a compromised refresh token.
    • Long-Lived Token Exposure via Duende Refresh Tokens (Severity: Medium) - Without rotation, a single compromised refresh token issued by Duende can be used for a prolonged period.
  • Impact:
    • Compromised Refresh Tokens Issued by Duende IdentityServer: Moderate Risk Reduction - Reduces the impact of a compromised refresh token issued by Duende by limiting its usability to a single refresh operation, as managed by Duende.
    • Long-Lived Token Exposure via Duende Refresh Tokens: Moderate Risk Reduction - Reduces the window of opportunity for misuse of a compromised refresh token issued by Duende, due to the rotation mechanism within Duende IdentityServer.
  • Currently Implemented:
    • No, refresh token rotation is not currently enabled in Duende IdentityServer client configurations. Refresh tokens issued by Duende can be reused until expiration or explicit revocation.
  • Missing Implementation:
    • Refresh token rotation needs to be enabled in Duende IdentityServer client configurations. Configuration of refresh token usage settings within Duende should be reviewed and adjusted as needed.

Mitigation Strategy: Regular Security Audits and Penetration Testing Focused on Duende Products

  • Description:
    1. Scope Audits to Duende Components: When planning security audits and penetration tests, specifically include Duende IdentityServer, Duende.AccessTokenManagement, Duende.Yarp, and any other Duende products in scope.
    2. Engage Duende Security Experts: If possible, engage security professionals with specific expertise in Duende IdentityServer and related products for audits and penetration testing. Their specialized knowledge will be valuable.
    3. Focus on OAuth/OIDC Flows in Duende: Direct penetration testing efforts towards the OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect flows implemented by Duende IdentityServer. Test for vulnerabilities in authorization, token issuance, token validation, and consent flows.
    4. Review Duende Configuration and Deployment: Include a thorough review of Duende IdentityServer's configuration, deployment environment, and integrations with other systems as part of security audits. Look for misconfigurations or insecure deployment practices.
    5. Utilize Duende Security Best Practices: Ensure that security audits and penetration tests are conducted against the backdrop of Duende's official security best practices and recommendations.
  • Threats Mitigated:
    • Undiscovered Vulnerabilities and Misconfigurations in Duende Products (Severity: High) - Proactive security assessments specifically focused on Duende products can uncover vulnerabilities and misconfigurations unique to these technologies.
    • Evolving Threat Landscape Targeting Duende Products (Severity: Medium) - Regular audits help ensure security measures for Duende products remain effective against new and evolving threats specifically targeting authentication and authorization systems like IdentityServer.
  • Impact:
    • Undiscovered Vulnerabilities and Misconfigurations in Duende Products: High Risk Reduction - Significantly reduces the risk of exploitation of unknown vulnerabilities within Duende products by proactively identifying and fixing them through targeted security assessments.
    • Evolving Threat Landscape Targeting Duende Products: Moderate Risk Reduction - Helps maintain a strong security posture for Duende products over time by adapting to new threats and attack techniques relevant to authentication and authorization systems.
  • Currently Implemented:
    • No, regular security audits and penetration testing specifically focused on Duende products are not currently part of the project's security practices.
  • Missing Implementation:
    • A schedule for regular security audits and penetration testing with a specific focus on Duende products needs to be established. Budget and resources need to be allocated for engaging security professionals with Duende expertise.