CSE 381: Systems II - OS, Currency, Virtualization, and Security

Open course material

• https://github.com/angrave/SystemProgramming/wiki

Topics

• User mode vs. Kernel mode

• Network architecture

  • Client-server
  • Peer-to-peer

• Traps vs. Interrupts

• Direct memory access

• Endianness

• Operating System

• Interprocess communication (IPC)

  • Shared memory
  • Message passing

• Monolithic kernel architecture vs. microkernel architecture

• Multitasking (preemptive vs. cooperative)

• Boot sequence

  1. Power on
  2. Hardware loads firmware from ROM
  3. Firmware performs POST
  4. Firmware loads the first-stage bootloader from MBR and passes it control
  5. First-stage bootloader loads second-stage bootloader from disk and passes it control
  6. Second-stage bootloader loads the OS kernel and passes it control
  7. OS kernel initializes
  8. Graphical shell starts

• Bootloaders: GRUB & LILO (no longer common)

• BIOS (succeeded by UEFI)

• Hardlinks vs. Softlinks

• syscalls

• Multithreading

• Amdalh's Law

• Race conditions

• Traditional UNIX scheduler

• Concurrency vs. Parallelism

  • Data parallelism
  • Task parallelism
  • Instruction-level parallelism

• CPU pipeline

• Journaling file system

• Multiprocessing

• Multithreading

  • Temporal multithreading
  • Simultaneous multithreading

• Hyper threading

• Cache miss

• Fragmentation

• Memory segmentation

• Segmentation fault

• Core dump

• Page table

• Dirty bit

• Paging

• Page Size Extension

• CPUID

• Wait-for graph

• Round-robing scheduling

• Multilevel queue

• Multilevel feedback queue

• Cache replacement policies

• Page

• Bélády's anomaly

Helpful Links

• execvp vs. execlp
• How to compare C-strings
• How to modify C-strings
• Video: Understanding Amdalh's Law
• GCC Optimization levels
• fork() vs. pthread_create()
• rm(1) vs. unlink(1)
• inode for / is always inode 2
• Why inodes don't count from 0
• ext4 filesystem
• Why a directory always is referenced by at least 2 inodes
• Video: Virtual memory explained
• Do mobile OSes use swap space?
• Segmented paging vs. paged segmentation
• Segmentation vs. paging
• Understanding Bélády's anomaly
• Why unsafe states do not necessarily imply deadlock
• Why do unsafe states not necessarily imply deadlock?
• HTTP 1.0 vs. HTTP 1.1
• How to copy from a Java InputStream to an OutputStream
• Man page section numbers